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What Do Political Left and Right Wing Mean in Hungary, 2010?

Explore the meaning of political left and right wing ideologies in Hungary post-2010 through an interdisciplinary research approach. Analyze how individuals' beliefs influence behavior and societal norms. Investigate stability and change in belief systems over time. Examine social representations and their impact on political contexts.

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What Do Political Left and Right Wing Mean in Hungary, 2010?

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  1. What Do Political Left and Right Wing Mean in Hungary, 2010? Political Ideology Research Group Balazs Feher, Judit Fodor, Agnes Szabo Supervisor: Robert Tardos

  2. Research of PIRG • Interdisciplinary approach • Methodological and thematical variety: from as many angles as possible

  3. Political ideologies: existing or not? • Structure of (abstract) political thinking (Converse, 1964 – Jost, 2006) • Effect on behavior (voting) • Differetiation among ideologies (in content and psychological basis) Ideologies are existing constructs of human political thinking.

  4. The nature of the Left-Right dimension • Corbetta et al, 2009 • Stable, intrinsic meaning: attitude to equality • Stable, but can change in content • Labels of belief systems, according to political actors • Labels with arbitrary content Social representations

  5. Social Representation Theory • Moscovici and Abric • Individual and collective • Functions: • Organizational • Communicational • Central core and peripheral elements • Consensual and unique elements Stable structure for beliefs and sensitive to change.

  6. Political context • Political Socialization • Post-communist Conservatism: equality and status quo (Jost, 2003) • Economical conservatism on the Left: Poland (Golec, 2001) • ESS 2002 (Thorisdottir et al, 2007): Eastern and Western values on the Left and Right

  7. Hungary: one decade after Socialism • Angelusz & Tardos, 2001 • Attitude to the Socialist system • 2 factors • Former Socialist party membership • Religion • The Left: EU integration, social justice, tradition • The Right: authority, religion, equality, nationalism • Left and Right: not a bipolar dimension!!

  8. Present research - Method • Aim: structure of belief systems • Free associations • Suspected connection between a stimulus and an answer

  9. Stimulus Questions • The expressions ‘Left-wing’ and ‘Right wing’ are a recurring feature of public discourse. How would you define the meaning of these terms? How would you describe in your own words what the expression ‘Left-winged’ means today?(If they mention only one: what else comes to mind?) • And the expression ‘Right-winged’?

  10. Sample • Timing: March, 2010. (!) • Hungarian Centre for Democracy Studies • 2 representative samples collected by research agencies (750-750 persons each) • Altogether: 3968 processed answers, of which: 2658 contained valid information. • Categorization: Züll et al. + specific elements

  11. Results – Main Categories

  12. Main Categories - Comparison

  13. Subcategories - Right

  14. Subcategories - Left

  15. Affective contents

  16. German-Hungarian comparison • German counterpart: courtesy of Züll, Scholz, Schmitt, 2010. • Altogether: 8738 answers • East-West Germany: lack…

  17. Comparison – Main Categories Right

  18. Comparison – Main Categories Left

  19. Comparison – Subcategories Right

  20. Comparison – Subcategories Left

  21. Summary • Ideologies do exist • They vary across time, space and region/country, but the core elements remain • They can be measured by … methods • Substantial differences between established and new democracies

  22. Limitations and perspective • Limitations of the particular method used • The pitfalls and limits of the free association method • Structure of social representations? • A possible solution:

  23. Solution – Five words method The expressions ‘Left-wing’ and ‘Right wing’ are a recurring feature of public discourse. Please note down the first five words that come to mind when you think of the following concepts! What are the first words you associate with (political) Left?

  24. Advantages of the method: evaluation In the followings please evaluate the words you wrote down based on how positive or negative you feel about them! In the following chart you can mark your attitude toward each word. First, please evaluate your associations to the Left:

  25. Advantages of the five words method • Capable of capturing the contect and the structure • Fast data collection, easy analysis • Quantifiable • Ranking • Centrality • Density • Diversity • Comparable results • Real affective attitude toward the concept

  26. A shining example... • Adolescent research – political socialization • Sample: High school students of the Hungarian Capital • Demographic data:

  27. Main categories Right → ← Left

  28. Middle categories – Tools and methods of political activity Right → Left →

  29. Need for closure Network- analysis Adolescent research Validation Association Self- placement Pensioners Validation Self- placement Well-being People involved in political activity Validation Self- placement International comparison Association Back to PIRG -Implications for further research MORE INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON!!!

  30. Political Ideology Research Group, ELTE, Hungary politikaiideologia@kutatocsoport.elte.hu Thank you for your attention!

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