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ROOTS OF JUDAISM

Explore the origins of Judaism, from the ancient Habiru and Apiru to the formation of the Jewish nation. Discover the key figures and events that shaped the religion, including Abraham, Moses, and the Babylonian Exile. Understand the cultural and educational values that have made Judaism a lasting influence in the world.

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ROOTS OF JUDAISM

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  1. ROOTS OF JUDAISM

  2. Many TheoriesAll have their critics

  3. They live in tents, travel about as they will, not abiding by my kings laws. They rob and plunder villages, they are outlaws and mercenaries for your enemies. When will my Pharaoh do something about them? - appointed Egyptian governor of Mesopotamia Habiru (Hittite)Apiru (Egyptian) Amarna Letters

  4. Why Scholars Connect Israel with the Shasu

  5. Why Scholars Connect Israel with the Shasu Three main reasons: • Yhw is similar to Yahweh (יהוה), the covenant name of God in Judaism • Both groups came from Canaan and migrated to Egypt • Association of Yahweh with Seir (Shasu S’rr)

  6. Abraham Born in Ur – Southern Mesopotamia Moved to Northern Mesopotamia escaping Babylonian Empire rule?

  7. Abraham Monotheist or Henotheist? Psalm 82:1 - "God standeth in the congregation of the mighty [the hall of Canaanite pantheon]; he judgeth among the gods...“ Is Psalm saying there is more gods than one? We do know that the Levant (Canaan) was a Polytheistic world…Abrams father was a Polytheist

  8. Abraham Father of 3 Major Religions The break from other Canaanite religions and a common practice of sacrificing the first born for the good of the tribe/ family.

  9. Abraham Father of 3 Major Religions Hagar - Ishmael Sarah - Isaac

  10. Abraham Father of 3 Major Religions Hagar - Ishmael Sarah - Isaac Hebrews

  11. Abraham Father of 3 Major Religions Hagar - Ishmael Sarah - Isaac Hebrews Moses – Mosaic Law Judaism

  12. Abraham Father of 3 Major Religions Hagar - Ishmael Sarah - Isaac Judaism Moses – Mosaic Law Yeshua - Jesus Young Jewish Rabbi Christianity (33 AD)

  13. Abraham Father of 3 Major Religions Hagar - Ishmael Sarah - Isaac Judaism Moses – Mosaic Law Yeshua - Jesus Young Jewish Rabbi Christianity (33 AD)

  14. Abraham Father of 3 Major Religions Hagar - Ishmael Muhammad Arab monotheist Islam (610 AD) Sarah - Isaac Judaism Moses – Mosaic Law Yeshua - Jesus Young Jewish Rabbi Christianity (33 AD)

  15. Moses- Exodus - Led Hebrews out of Egyptian Slavery

  16. Moses- Exodus - • Turned the River to Blood • Took food, gold, goods from Egyptians as they left Egypt • Chased by military to Red Sea (or sea of reeds) • Torah at Mt. Sinai

  17. Moses- Exodus - Led Hebrews out of Egyptian Slavery G-d gave Moses the TORAH • First five books of the Bible • 10 Commandments

  18. Early Israelite GovernmentTribal Judges were ineffective whenthey were confronted with enemies with more centralized Governments King Saul seems to have been largely a military leader. There are no accounts of him exercising monarchical power outside of military exploits. The Hebrews, after all, were still tribal people, so the transition to a monarchy was slow. The Hebrew tribes began agitating for a king. Samuel (a well known Judge) formally anointed this new king… http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/monarchy.html

  19. King David United the Hebrew Tribes into a single Nation

  20. SolomonDavid’s Son • Built the first Temple • Treaties with Assyrians and Egyptians

  21. North • Tribes of Israel • Conquered by Assyrians • Killed, Relocated, Assimilated? Solomon Dies

  22. North • Tribes of Israel • Conquered by Assyrians • Killed, Relocated, Assimilated? Solomon Dies • South – Babylonian Exile • Tribes of Judah conquered by Nebuchadnezzar • Become known as “Jews” 589 BCE - Nebuchadnezzar, the king of the Babylonian Chaldeans, only deported the most prominent citizens of Judah: professionals, priests, craftsmen, and the wealthy. The "people of the land" (am-hares ) were allowed to stay. So Jewish history, then, has two poles during the exile: the Jew in Babylon and the Jews who remain in Judah.

  23. Babylonian Exile Hebrew Bible was organized onto scrolls An oral history was preserved and would come to shape the western world https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVzl_eQjIAE http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Exile.html

  24. Persians conquer Babylon Jews set free of the Babylonian Exile Persians seen as Liberators – Illusion of freedom – Just pay your taxes!

  25. Survival of a People - Culture • Egyptian slavery 400 years • 10 lost Tribes of Israel - Destruction by the Assyrians • Babylonian Exile - Slavery • Seleucid Empire- Hellenization was enforced by law (167 BCE) • Destruction of the Temple and Diaspora from Jerusalem (70 CE) • Middle Ages – “Christ killers” – Middle Ages - led to massacres and forced conversion • Expulsion from Europe (to Poland) - 1300’s and 1400 • Black Death persecutions • Anti-Semitism by Muslim and Arab • Nazis and the Holocaust • Pogroms - Czarist Russia – Pale of Settlement God on Trial – “We’re still here”

  26. Moses

  27. Impact of Judaism and Jewish Culture Monotheism Bible: Tanakh - Old Testament Abraham: Three world religions Cultural Values and Civil law Educational Values: Jews make up only 0.2% of the world population, yet comprise 23% of Nobel laureates

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