Chapter 8

1. Chapter 8 Plot Plans

2. Definition and Purpose A plot plan is a plan view drawing which show the site and location of the building on the property.

3. Definition and Purpose Plot plan shows: Page 154

4. Property Lines Property lines define the site boundaries • The length and bearing of each line must be identified on the plot plan • Measured with an engineers scale to 1/100’ • Bearing angles are recorded in degrees and minutes (seconds) • S 63° W

5. Property Lines • Property Corners • Identified with a special symbol • Benchmark • Where the property corner begins and ends

6. Contour Lines • A contour is a line connecting points which have the same elevation. • Contour lines help to describe the topography of the site by depicting shape and elevation of the land. • Survey uses a mean sea level. • Home construction - relative elevations are sufficient.

7. Contour Lines • Page 156

8. Topographical Features • Represented by symbols • non standard symbols should appear in the legend of the drawing • Topographical Drawing Color • Black - lettering the works of man (roads, houses) • Brown - land forms (contour lines) • Blue - water features (lake, stream, marsh) • Green - vegetation (trees)

9. Location of Structure on Site • Analyze site to determine best location of house on site • contour • trees • view • surrounding houses • code restrictions • Style of house • Solar orientation • Winds • Placement of septic

10. Location of Structure on Site • Three methods of drawing house on site 1. Lay out the outside of the exterior walls omitting all interior walls and roof. • Shade or crosshatch space covered by house

11. Location of Structure on Site • Three methods of drawing house on site 2. Draw the exterior walls as hidden lines with the roof shown as solid lines

12. Location of Structure on Site • Three methods of drawing house on site 3. Show all exterior wall thickened with all interior walls, windows and doors omitted * House must be dimensioned on all three types of drawings

13. Procedure for Drawing Plot Plan • Page 160

14. Landscape Plot Plans • Designed to show the type and placement of trees, shrubs, flowers, gardens and pools on the site • Plans the total setting for the home • Symbols are used to represent various types of trees and plants.

15. Chapter 9 Footings, Foundations and Conrete

16. Footings, Foundations & Concrete • Staking out house location • 1. Locate each corner of the house by laying off the distances indicated on the plot plan. • 2. The position of all corners should be checked for accuracy by diagonal measurement. • 3. A control point is needed to determine the depth of excavation and foundation wall height.

17. Excavation • For footings and foundations the top soil is usually removed and saved for final grading. • Excavation of footings should extend a minimum of 6 inches, into undisturbed earth. • Excavation of footings must also be extend down to a minimum of 6 inches below the average maximum frost penetration depth.

18. Excavation • Remove the top soil. • Excavation must be below frost line for footing • Excavation must be large enough for work space and foundation drains.

19. Footings • Increase the support capacity of the foundation wall by spreading the load over a large area. • Footing thickness is equal to the foundation wall thickness and footing width is twice the wall thickness.

20. Foundation Walls • T- is the most common type of foundation. • Slab foundation is an extension of a slab floor. • Pier and Post foundations serve as an auxiliary foundation to support long spans.

21. Basement Walls Basement walls are controlled by local building codes. Beams and girders are used to support floor joist. Lintels are a horizontal structural member that supports the load over an opening such as a door or a window.

22. Concrete • Concrete is a result of combining cement, sand, aggregate and water. • Cement is composed of a mixture of lime, silica, alumina, iron components

23. Chapter 10 The Foundation Plan

24. The Foundation Plan • Definition and Purpose • plan view drawing in section which shows the location and size of footings, piers columns, foundation walls, and supporting beams.

25. The Foundation Plan Includes: • Footings for foundation walls, piers, columns • Foundation walls • Piers and columns • Dwarf Walls • Partition walls, doors and bath fixtures • Openings in foundation wall such as windows, doors and vents

26. The Foundation Plan Includes: • Beams and pilasters • Direction, size and spacing of floor joists • Drains, sump • Details of foundation and footing construction • Complete dimensions and notes • Scale of drawing

27. The Foundation Plan • Purpose • The foundation plan is prepared primarily for the excavator, masons and cement workers who build the foundation

28. The Foundation Plan • Preliminary steps to drawing a foundation plan • examine the floor plan to determine the type of exterior walls • examine plot plan to anticipate the need for stepped footings and retaining walls • Determine the size of footings and foundation walls required from information available.

29. Drawing The Foundation Plan 1. Select Scale 2. Locate outline on paper 3. Draw the foundation walls, piers, and columns and foundation for chimney 4. Indicate breaks in found. Wall for windows, doors, etc 5. Layout and draw footings (Hidden)

30. Drawing The Foundation Plan 6. Draw footings for piers 7. Draw footings for fireplace and chimney 8. Locate the supporting beam 9. Show size, spacing and direction of the floor joists. 10. Identify the location of sections 11. Draw necessary sections and dimensions

31. Drawing The Foundation Plan 12. Determine the location of dimensions needed to show the size of all aspects of the foundation 13. Draw the dimensions and dim. lines 14. Letter and notes 15. Shade the foundation wall drawing with proper symbols.

32. Drawing The Foundation Plan 16. Add the title block , scale and name of drawing in the proper location 17. Check drawing to be sure you have included all necessary info.

33. The Basement/Foundation Plan • Basements are usually included in cold climates. Cheaper to build. • The basement plan is a combination floor and foundation plan • Includes information commonly shown on the foundation plan and at the same time show interior walls, stairs, windows and doors.

34. Procedures For Drawing a Basement Plan 1. Select Scale 2. Draw the foundation walls, piers, and columns and foundation for chimney 3. Draw footings for foundation 4. Locate and draw the beam and supports or bearings wall partition 5. Design room layout in basement area and darken in the lines

35. Procedures For Drawing a Basement Plan 6. Indicate breaks in basement walls 7. Locate and draw stairs 8. Show size, spacing and direction fo floor joists 9. Identify the location of sections 10. Draw necessary sections 11. Locate and draw bath fixtures, furnace, hot water heater, etc.

36. Procedures For Drawing a Basement Plan 12. Determine the location of dimensions 13. Dimension 14. Letter any notes 15. Show electrical switches, outlets and fixtures 16. Shade the foundation walls with symbols

37. Procedures For Drawing a Basement Plan 17. Add the title block, scale and name of drawing 18. Check drawing to be sure you have I included all necessary information