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International Trade

International Trade. Vocabulary. Duties Quotas Tariffs Trade Barriers Dumping Anti-Dumping Countervailing Duties Most Favored Nation Trade Dress Law INCOTERMS. Online Dictionary of Trade Terms. http://www.citd.org/trade_info/sections.cfm?sid=5. Research Guides.

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International Trade

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  1. International Trade

  2. Vocabulary • Duties • Quotas • Tariffs • Trade Barriers • Dumping • Anti-Dumping • Countervailing Duties • Most Favored Nation • Trade Dress Law • INCOTERMS

  3. Online Dictionary of Trade Terms http://www.citd.org/trade_info/sections.cfm?sid=5

  4. Research Guides http://www.asil.org/resource/iel1.htm http://www.llrx.com/features/trade3.htm

  5. Hypothetical – You Represent a U.S. Company Who Wants to Export Wooden Bedroom Furniture to Germany

  6. Introductory Guides (US Perspective) http://www.unzco.com/basicguide/index.html http://www.sba.gov/oit/info/Guide-To-Exporting/all.html

  7. STAT USA – GLOBUS & NTDBGerman Furniture Market Industry Sector Analysis Reports by Country > Germany > Furniture http://www.stat-usa.gov/mrd.nsf/vwISA_Country/B49760A5437E6D5B85256F83002C48DB?OpenDocument&sessID=60AB02C10315341

  8. Export.govTrade Data > 10 digit > 940350 http://www.ita.doc.gov/td/industry/otea/index.html

  9. International Addresses and Salutationshttp://www.bspage.com/address.html

  10. Business Culture Guides http://www.cyborlink.com/besite/germany.htm http://www.executiveplanet.com/business-etiquette/Germany.html

  11. Doing Business in _______ http://www.hg.org/guides.html

  12. Country Commercial Guides http://www.buyusainfo.net/adsearch.cfm?search_type=int&loadnav=no

  13. Significant U.S.Trade Laws • Tariff Act of 1930 (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act)

  14. Federal Procedure: Lawyer’s Edition – OCU Reference Westlaw (FEDPROC) 37:644 Material on AD/CVD http://www.usitc.gov/An anti-dumping countervailing duty handbook, guidelines for hearings, timetables for investigations and administrative orders issues in AD/CVD cases is accessible from the website.

  15. Significant U.S.Trade Laws • Tariff Act of 1930 (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act) • Trade Act of 1974 • 1979 Acts • Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 • Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act of 2000 (Byrd Amendment )

  16. Important Governmental Organs • Congress • Executive • Department of Commerce • International Trade Administration

  17. Export.gov

  18. Determining Tariffs and Taxes http://www.trade.gov/td/tic/

  19. Browse the HTS (Schedule B)

  20. 940350 Wooden furniture of a kind used in the bedroom

  21. Step 2: Determine Country Tariff Info and Tax Info Notice that Germany also uses the HTS so furniture is easily found under chapter 94.

  22. EU Import Duties ? Taxes?

  23. No duties but a 16% VAT

  24. Importing into the US

  25. Importing into the US

  26. Important Governmental Organs • Congress • Executive • Department of Commerce • International Trade Administration • Treasury > Customs (freight forwarder) • International Trade Commission • United States Trade Representative

  27. US Customs http://www.customs.ustreas.gov/ - CROSS Database of customs rulings

  28. International Trade Commission http://www.usitc.gov/

  29. US Trade Representative http://www.ustr.gov/ Lists trade agreements the US is a party to. Dispute Settlement section give summary of pending actions. Publishes: Trade Policy Agenda and Annual Report of the President of the United States.

  30. What if there is a dispute? • Arbitration • Administrative Agencies • Customs http://rulings.customs.gov/ • International Trade Commission • Federal Procedure 37:644 • Court of International Trade • Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit

  31. Research Strategy – US Trade Law • ID Relevant Statutes (use annotations) • ID Relevant Agencies • Use Agency Website • Federal Procedure Lawyer’s Edition • Be aware of US’s International Obligations • USTR’s Report (http://www.ustr.gov/) • Case Law (admin agencies & specialized cts.) • Secondary Sources (Restatement) • Current Events

  32. Documentary Sales Transaction Image from International Business Transactions In a Nutshell, pp. 128.

  33. CISG - Contracting States http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/cisgintro.html

  34. Interpreting the CISG – Article 7(1) • 7(1) In the interpretation of this convention, regard is to be had to its international character and to the need to promote uniformity in its application and the observance of good faith in international trade.

  35. Suggested Methodology for Interpreting the CISG • Text of the CISG • Travaux • Comparative Law to see the meaning of a term in the Contracting States • Do not use normal means of interpreting international treaties Schlechtreim Treatise pp. 62-65.

  36. Interpreting the CISG – Article 7(2)Gap Filling • 7(2) Questions concerning matters governed by this Convention which are not expressly settled in it are to be settled in conformity with the general principles on which it is based or, in the absence of such principles, in conformity with the law applicable by virtue of the rules of private international law.

  37. 7(2) Gap Filling • General Principles • As defined by Kritzer (pp. 114-119) • UNIDROIT’s Uniform Law on the International Sale of Goods • UNIDROIT’s Principles of International Commercial Contracts

  38. 7(2) Gap Filling • Rules of Private International Law?

  39. CISG Research Strategy • Kritzer, Guide to Practical Application of the CISG. • Schlechtriem, Commentary on the UN Convention • Travaux • Cases – Pace and CLOUT Databases

  40. Pace’s CISG Database http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/

  41. UNIDROIT http://www.unidroit.org/english/home.htm

  42. UNICTRAL http://www.uncitral.org/en-index.htm

  43. INCOTERMS http://www.iccwbo.org/index_incoterms.asp

  44. 2) Bill of Lading Federal Bill of Lading Act, 49 U.S.C.A. § 80101-80116 (governs transferability) Harter Act, 46 U.S.C.A. § 190-196 (governs form and content) Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, 46 U.S.C.A. § 1300-1315 (governs form and content)

  45. 3) Letter of Credit Governed by: -UCC Article 5 -International Chamber Commerce’s Uniform Customs and Practices for Documentary Credits (UCP)

  46. Commercial Invoice Policy of Marine Insurance Certificate of Inspection Import License Certificate of Origin OUR FREIGHT BROKER WILL TAKE CARE OF ALL OF THIS! Other Shipping DocumentsCertificate of Origin

  47. WTO http://www.wto.org/

  48. NAFTA http://www.nafta-sec-alena.org/DefaultSite/index_e.aspx

  49. The End

  50. Images of shipping documents • http://www.unzco.com/basicguide/c10.html#Documentation

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