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Understanding the Muscular System: Types, Characteristics, and Functions

The muscular system is essential for body movement and consists of three types of muscles: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. Skeletal muscles are voluntary, striated, and attached to bones, allowing for conscious movement. Cardiac muscle, found only in the heart, is involuntary and striated, functioning to pump blood. Smooth muscle is also involuntary but non-striated, primarily found in the walls of hollow organs. The contraction of muscle fibers results from the movement of microfilaments, playing a crucial role in maintaining posture, stabilizing joints, and generating heat.

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Understanding the Muscular System: Types, Characteristics, and Functions

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  1. The Muscular System

  2. The Muscular System • Muscles are responsible for all types of body movement • Three basic muscle types are found in the body • Skeletal muscle • Cardiac muscle • Smooth muscle

  3. Muscle involuntary, striatedauto-rhythmic voluntary, striated heart moves bone multi-nucleated involuntary, non-striated digestive systemarteries, veins evolved first

  4. Characteristics of Muscles • Muscle cells are elongated (muscle cell = muscle fiber) • Contraction of muscles is due to the movement of microfilaments • All muscles share some terminology • Prefix myo refers to muscle • Prefix mys refers to muscle • Prefix sarco refers to flesh

  5. Skeletal Muscle Characteristics • Most are attached by tendons to bones • Cells are multinucleate • Striated – have visible banding • Voluntary – subject to conscious control • Cells are surrounded and bundled by connective tissue

  6. Connective Tissue Wrappings of Skeletal Muscle • Endomysium – around single muscle fiber • Perimysium – around a fascicle (bundle) of fibers Figure 6.1

  7. Connective Tissue Wrappings of Skeletal Muscle • Epimysium – covers the entire skeletal muscle • Fascia – on the outside of the epimysium Figure 6.1

  8. Oregon High School Football Players Hospitalized 2010

  9. Skeletal Muscle Attachments • Epimysium blends into a connective tissue attachment • Tendon – cord-like structure • Aponeuroses – sheet-like structure • Sites of muscle attachment • Bones • Cartilages • Connective tissue coverings

  10. Smooth Muscle Characteristics • Has no striations • Spindle-shaped cells • Single nucleus • Involuntary – no conscious control • Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs Figure 6.2a

  11. Cardiac Muscle Characteristics • Has striations • Usually has a single nucleus • Joined to another muscle cell at an intercalated disc • Involuntary • Found only in the heart Figure 6.2b

  12. Function of Muscles • Produce movement • Maintain posture • Stabilize joints • Generate heat

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