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提昇應用程式的效能 Improving Performance and Scalability

提昇應用程式的效能 Improving Performance and Scalability. Microsoft .NET 技術代言人 林耀珍. 林耀珍. 經歷 第三波資訊 技術總監 育碁數位科技 總經理 專業認證與專長 微軟 .NET 技術 軟體開發流程，資訊系統規劃 Microsoft MCSD/MCSE/MCDBA 物件導向技術， Rational OOAD 認證講師 Lotus Notes principle CLP/CLI J2EE. 目標與對象. 對象 技術平台的決策人員 軟體建構師 系統分析師 專案經理 應用程式開發人員

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提昇應用程式的效能 Improving Performance and Scalability

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  1. 提昇應用程式的效能Improving Performance and Scalability Microsoft .NET 技術代言人 林耀珍

  2. 林耀珍 • 經歷 第三波資訊 技術總監 育碁數位科技 總經理 • 專業認證與專長 微軟 .NET 技術 軟體開發流程，資訊系統規劃 Microsoft MCSD/MCSE/MCDBA 物件導向技術，Rational OOAD 認證講師 Lotus Notes principle CLP/CLI J2EE .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  3. 目標與對象 對象 • 技術平台的決策人員 • 軟體建構師 • 系統分析師 • 專案經理 • 應用程式開發人員 目標 • 開發高效能的應用程式 .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  4. Agenda Overview Framework for improving Performance Performance Modeling Testing Process Design Guidelines Improving ASP.NET Performance .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  5. Performance Categories • Speed • Does the application respond quickly enough for the intended users? • Scalability • Will the application handle the expected user load and beyond? • Stability • Is the application stable under expected and unexpected user loads? .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  6. Tough Challenges • Simple -> High Performance • Monolithic program runs on a huge machine • Life is not so simple • More demands • Security issues • Internet makes things more complex • Scalable to support more users • Less resources / time / manpower to do these works • Architectures & Components & Designs are used to increase developers’ productivities, but add challenges for us to build high performance system. .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  7. Common Pitfall - Optimize Later • Performance is typically ignored until there is a problem. There are several problems with this approach: • Performance problems are often introduced early in the design • Design issues can’t always be fixed through tuning or more efficient coding • Fixing an architecture or design issue later in the cycle is inefficient and often very expensive. .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  8. Common Pitfall - Make it perfect early • Developers work on optimizing everything up front. This results in: • “Gold Plated” code • Highly optimized code that is rarely executed • Missed schedules .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  9. Need a better way • Defining performance targets • Measuring performance • Troubleshooting performance problems • 80/20 Rule: 80% of performance problems are caused by 20% of the issues • Tune system • Regularly monitor performance trends • Architecting systems that have the right balance of security, performance, manageability and scalability .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  10. Framework for improving Performance .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  11. #1 Principle Less Impact .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  12. Plan & Design with Perf & Scale • Common issues .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  13. Development Lifecycle .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  14. Measure, don’t Predict • Get Familiar with Metrics • Set SMART Goals • "run fast" vs. 25 transactions per second • “load quickly“ vs. "3 second response time" • Get Familiar with Test types • Get Familiar with Tools .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  15. Testing Pre-Requisites Fixing Collecting Analyzing Tune Iteratively • Test, Collect, Analyze and Fix .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  16. Equip with Tools & Skills • Custom-Made Testing program • Microsoft Application Center Test • Professional Performance & Scalability Tools • System Monitor: Counters; Understand thresholds • CLRProfiler: Allocations; Survivors; Leaking • WINDBG: Dumps; Hangs, Crashes, Blocks, Memory, etc • VADUMP: Working set; Memory, etc • NETMON: Data on Wire; Bandwidth and Latency • … And Good Team Members .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  17. Framework .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  18. Performance Modeling Approach • Structured approach to modeling the performance of your application • Goal: Focus efforts where they matter the most • Benefits: • Performance becomes part of your design • Evaluate trade-offs before you build the solution • Avoid performance surprises in production • Document itemized scenarios • what to test • where to instrument • … .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  19. Performance Modeling Two parts of Performance model • An information structure • Performance objectives • Budgets • Workloads • Itemized scenarios with goals • Test cases with goals • A process .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  20. Information Category in the performance model • Application Description • Scenarios • Performance Objectives • Budgets • Measurements • Workload Goals • Baseline Hardware • Quality of Service Requirements • security, maintainability, and interoperability • Workload Requirements • Total # of users, concurrent users, data volumes, expected usages .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  21. Performance Modeling Process • Identify Use Cases • Identify workload • Identify Performance Objectives • Identify Budget • Identify Steps of User Activities • Allocate Budget • Evaluate • Validate .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  22. 1. Identify Use Cases • Critical use cases • Use cases with performance expectations or requirements, such as service level agreements • Submit an order • Process a message • Significant use cases • Use cases that represent the majority of interaction or activity • Search for products • Browse catalog .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  23. 2. Identify workload • Total users • Concurrently active users • Data volumes • Transaction volumes and transaction mix Ex: • 100 concurrent users browsing • 10 concurrent users placing orders .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  24. 3. Identify Performance Objectives • Response time • Time to first byte no longer than 3 seconds, time to last byte no longer than 7 seconds • Throughput • 10 million read requests/sec • 10K write requests/sec • 100 transactions per second • Resource utilization • 80% CPU • T1 Network .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  25. Speed Requirements • normal pages — typical to fast • reports — under a minute • exception activities (list) — fast to very fast • query execution — under 30 seconds • nightly backup batch process — under an hour .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  26. Scalability Requirements • peak expected hourly usage — 500 users • peak expected sustained usage — 300 users • maximum percentage of users expected to execute reports in any one hour — 75% • maximum percentage of users expected to execute queries in any one hour — 75% • maximum number of rows to be replicated during nightly backup — 150,000 .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  27. 4. Identify Budget • Cost (manpower, tool, time, …) • Execution time • Resource utilization – how much you can use • Network: Bandwidth. • Hardware: Servers, memory, CPUs … etc. • Resource dependencies: Number of available database connections, Web service connections, … etc. .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  28. 5. Identify Steps of User Activities • Users have different activities and steps. .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  29. 6. Allocate Budget • Assigning Execution Time • Assigning Resources .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  30. 7. Evaluate • Does the budget meet the objectives? • Is the budget realistic? • Does the model identify a resource hotspot? • Are there more efficient alternatives? • Can the design or features be reduced or modified to meet the objectives? • Can you improve efficiency in terms of resource consumption or time? • Would an alternative pattern, design, or deployment topology provide a better solution? • What are you trading off? • productivity, scalability, maintainability or security .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  31. 8. Validate • Continue to create prototypes and measure the performance of the use cases by capturing metrics. .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  32. Testing Process .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  33. Load Testing Process • Identify key scenarios • Identify workload • Identify metrics • Create test cases • Process test • Analyze the results • Report .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  34. Identify Key Scenarios • Log on to the application. • Browse a product catalog. • Search for a specific product. • Add items to the shopping cart. • Validate credit card details and place an order. .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  35. Identify Workload • Numbers of users • The total number of concurrent users accessing the application in a given time frame • Rate of requests • Patterns of requests .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  36. Identify Metrics • Network specific metrics • System related metrics • Platform specific metrics • Application specific metrics • Service level metrics .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  37. Create Test Cases • Sample E-Commerce Application • Expected Results under the load profile below • Throughput: 100 Requests/sec • Requests Executing: 45 Requests executing • Response Time: 2.5 sec Response time • Resource utilization thresholds: • Processor\% Processor Time: 75 % • Memory\ Available MBytes: 25 % of total physical RAM .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  38. Process test • Create scripts • Modify Scripts or configure scripts • User delays • User patterns: different paths • Groups of users: customer, sales, admins • Distribution of Activities: ex. start time • Abandon ratio • Avoid script failures • Data • Navigation • Data Correlation • Security issues: Authorization/Authentication • Load Data • Run the tests and Collect Data .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  39. Analyze the Results • Analyze the captured data and compare the results against the metric's accepted level. The data you collect helps you analyze your application with respect to your application's performance objectives: • Throughput vs. user load. • Response time vs. user load. • Resource utilization vs. user load. .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  40. Analysis • Potential Bottlenecks .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  41. Analyze Results • Proper design and execution of tests as well as proper measurement of system and/or component activities make the analysis easier .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  42. Investigate root causes • Multiple Performance Index .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  43. Reporting • Hardware Details • Software details • Configuration Details • Workload Profile • Performance Objectives • Metrics • System Metrics • Web Server Metrics • SQL Server Metrics • Analysis .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  44. Load Trend • Good for high level presentation .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  45. Design Guidelines .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  46. Improve Components Performance • Managed Code • Data Access Component • ASP.NET • Web Services • .NET Remoting Component • Enterprise Services Component • Interop Component .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  47. Common Categories • Data Structures and Algorithms • Communication • Concurrency • Resource Management • Coupling and Cohesion • Caching • State Management • Security • Deployment .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  48. Design Principles • Design coarse-grained services • Minimize roundtrips and batch work • Acquire late and release early • Evaluate affinity with processing resources • Put the processing closer to the resources • Pool shared resources • Avoid unnecessary work • Reduce contention • Use smart recalculation • Concurrently process independent tasks .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  49. Improving ASP.NET Performance • Architecture .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

  50. Performance and Scalability Issues • Resource affinity • Failure to share expensive resources • Blocking operations • Misusing threads • Making late bound calls • Misusing COM Interop • Large pages • Improper data caching • Failure to use output caching properly • Inefficient rendering .NET技術代言人　林耀珍 2004/03/24

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