What are we going to learn about today?

1. What are we going to learn about today? Today we’re going to look at nutrient cycling in the environment particularly at the nitrogen cycle.

3. The Importance of Nitrogen Why is nitrogen important to living things?

4. etc Amino Acids The Importance of Nitrogen Proteins contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen andnitrogen Proteins are made of units called amino acids. Proteins are essential for growth and repair of body tissues in all living things.

5. The Importance of Nitrogen We and other animals need amino acids to make the proteins to build our bodies our proteins from protein rich foods such as Eggs Red and white meat Fish dairy products beans lentils peas nuts

6. The Importance of Nitrogen Most plants make their own proteins using nitrogen. But not from the air as they can’t absorb gaseous nitrogen. instead they absorb it through their roots as nitrates from the soil that they grow in. Fertilisers contain nitrates to help with this. Animals then eat plants digest the protein and absorb the amino acids that they are made from into their blood to be carried to where they are needed to make protein for growth and repair.

7. If all this nitrogen ends up in living things why doesn’t it run out?

8. Not all of the protein in plants or prey eaten by animals end up being absorbed. A lot of it comes out in faeces (dung). In the bodies of animals excess amino acids not needed for making protein for growth and repair are broken down into urea- a nitrogenous waste (meaning it contains nitrogen).

9. The proteins in dead bodies and dung and nitrogenous wastes are broken down by bacteria and fungi (decomposers) into ammonia. Thisammonia is then madeinto nitrates by bacteria. Let’s summarise all of this.

10. ANIMAL PROTEIN Death and excretion Eating Death DEAD ORGANISMS AND DUNG PLANT PROTEIN Decay by fungi and bacteria AMMONIA Uptake by roots NITRITES THEN INTO NITRATES Conversion by bacteria

11. nitrogen fixing bacteria Other bacteria take nitrogen from the air and convert it to a form that plants can use some live free in the soil and others such as Rhizobium live in a special relationship with legumes- plants such as peas, beans and clover. Here is a clover plant showing the “root nodules” in which the Rhizobium lives.

12. NITROGEN GAS IN THE AIR Nitrogen fixing bacteria Denitrifying bacteria ANIMAL PROTEIN In the roots of peas, beans and clover (legumes) and free in soil. Death and excretion Eating Death DEAD ORGANISMS AND DUNG PLANT PROTEIN Decay by fungi and bacteria AMMONIA Uptake by roots NITRITES THEN INTO NITRATES Conversion by bacteria

13. A F G or E

14. E F D B C

15. Summary video- WARNING- This has some bad words in it and so may not be suitable for your teacher!

16. 5. grass snail thrush thrush snail grass A habitat is the place where an organism lives.

17. Bacteria or fungi. Decomposers break down organic matter by respiration. In the nitrogen cycle they convert protein and nitrogenous wastes into ammonium and nitrates that may be used by plants to build protein.

18. 6. oak wood mouse/ shrew/owl/fox fungi squirrel/ caterpillar

19. oak caterpillar shrew fox wood mouse earth worm leaf litter

20. 9.

22. 13. 4 nitrate 1 3 2 nitrifying bacterium

23. Learning Outcomes • Animal and plant proteins are made up of amino acids that contain the element nitrogen. • Plants and animals cannot absorb nitrogen from the air. • Plants gain their nitrogen in the form of nitrates through their roots in a process known as uptake. • Nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia into nitrates. • Denitrifying bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas. • Nitrogen fixing bacteria convert nitrogen from the air to a form that plants can use. Someare found free in the soil and others in the root nodules of legumes (peas beans and clover). • Decomposers (bacteria and fungi) convert proteins and nitrogenous waste in urine and faeces (pee and poo) into ammonia.