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Cognitive Neuroscience of Emotional Memory

Cognitive Neuroscience of Emotional Memory. Kevin S. LaBar, Ph.D. Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Duke University. Outline of Talk. Enhancing effects of emotion on declarative memory: basic laboratory paradigms encoding, consolidation, and retrieval effects of emotion regulation

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Cognitive Neuroscience of Emotional Memory

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  1. Cognitive Neuroscience of Emotional Memory Kevin S. LaBar, Ph.D. Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Duke University Stanford Law 2011

  2. Outline of Talk • Enhancing effects of emotion on declarative memory: basic laboratory paradigms • encoding, consolidation, and retrieval • effects of emotion regulation • Enhancing effects of emotion on declarative memory: 'real-world' paradigms • emotional memories of a complex sporting event • emotional autobiographical memories

  3. (A) (B) (C) PsychologicalTheories of Emotion Categorical (evolutionary) Dimensional (social-motivational) Component Process (cognitive)

  4. Memory modulation theories Memory systems theories Neurobiological theories of emotional memory

  5. The amygdala mediates emotional arousal influences on a variety of memory systems LaBar & Cabeza, Nat Rev Neurosci, 2006

  6. Experimental fMRI Encoding Paradigm Low Arousing & Neutral [N=60] High Arousing & Unpleasant [N=60] High Arousing & Pleasant [N=60] Study: rate pleasantness Test: cued recall Dolcos, LaBar, & Cabeza, Neuron, 2004

  7. Main Effect of Arousal on Amygdala Activation and Memory A. Z = -22 B. Left Amygdala Right Amygdala % signal change TR TR Pleasant Unpleasant Neutral

  8. Subsequent Memory Paradigm Difference

  9. Arousal Modulation of Subsequent Memory (Dm) Effect

  10. Meta-analysis of emotional encoding success studies Murty , Ritchey, Adcock & LaBar, Neuropsychologia, 2010

  11. Emotion regulation and subsequent memory Encode negative pictures during fMRI under passive view, suppress, and reappraise (reduce personal relevance) conditions, as well as neutral (view) control pictures Test memory in 2-week delayed recognition test

  12. Behavioral results * Pannu Hayes et al., Front Human Neurosci, 2010

  13. Emotion regulation and hippocampal subsequent memory effect Pannu Hayes et al., Front Human Neurosci, 2010

  14. Remembering One Year Later: Role of the MTL in Retrieving Emotional Memories Does the MTL also participate in the successful retrieval of emotional items from long-term storage? • Successful Retrieval = Hits vs. Misses • Divide into recollection- and familiarity-based retrieval operations • Compare Emotional Successful Retrieval vs. Neutral Successful Retrieval

  15. Emotional Modulation of Retrieval Success Activity in MTL (Remember/Know combined) Dolcos, LaBar, & Cabeza, PNAS, 2005

  16. * * Recollection- vs. Familiarity-Based Emotional Retrieval Success Activity

  17. Moving from the lab to the real world… “There should also be more interest in what people actually do (eat, have political views, watch television…), [and] more concern about whether the paradigmatic instances we choose for experimental analysis correspond to real-world events and are both robust and generalizable” Rozin, Perspectives Psychol. Sci., 2009

  18. Retrieving emotional memories for a complex sporting event: The Duke -UNC Basketball Study

  19. Features of the experimental design • Archived game (@UNC 2000) • Valence is determined by opposing fan perspectives • Select engaged fans of opposing teams • Encoding conditions are controlled • Assess memory for specific plays (detailed event memory) • each play has an emotional outcome that fluctuates widely across trials

  20. Sample retrieval trial

  21. fMRI results: Arousal modulation Amygdala and hippocampus

  22. fMRI results: Arousal modulation Social cognitive/self-referential networkSensorimotor

  23. fMRI results: Valence effects Positive valence effect dorsal frontoparietal network

  24. retrieval maintenance time  24 sec “reliving” “cue word” “emotion” 2 2 1 1 3 3 4 4 eyes closed MRT = 12.3 s Spatiotemporal dissociation of emotional intensity and reliving in autobiographical memory Daselaar et al., Cereb Cortex, 2008

  25. Emotion-specific variation Reliving-specific variation Emotion Emotion Reliving Reliving retriev retriev retriev retriev maint maint maint maint Amygdala Visual Cortex T values T values

  26. Early Role of Emotion During Memory Retrieval “When a subject is being asked to remember, very often the first thing that emerges is something of the nature of an attitude. The recall is then a construction, made largely on the basis of this attitude, and its general effect is that of a justification of the attitude,” where for Bartlett attitude is “very largely a matter of feeling, or affect.” Bartlett (1932/1995)

  27. Conclusions • Emotional memory is a multidimensional construct • Amygdala-MTL interactions are important for long-term encoding and retrieval of emotionally intense episodes, with additional support from frontoparietal and sensory regions • Emotion regulation strategies modify activity in this network • These interactions extend to more complex, real-world memories where emotion has a broader reach over social cognitive and sensorimotor networks • Emerging VR technologies may be beneficial to reveal how real-world contexts regulate the expression of emotional memories

  28. Acknowledgements • Research support: • NIH R01 DA14094, R01 AG023123; NSF CAREER Award • Collaborators: • Alison Adcock, Anne Botzung, Rachael Brady, Roberto Cabeza, Sander Daselaar, Florin Dolcos, Daniel Greenberg, Amanda Miles, Gregory McCarthy, Rajendra Morey, Jasmeet Pannu Hayes, Heather Rice, David Rubin, Moria Smoski, Holton Thompson, David Zielinski • LaBaratory: • Jose Alba Hernandez, Matthew Fecteau, Nicole Huff, Phil Kragel, Vishnu Murty, Maureen Ritchey • No conflicts of interest to report

  29. Future directions: Virtual emotional memories Duke immersive Virtual Environment (DiVE)

  30. MTL Activation During Retrieval of Emotional Autobiographical Memories • Pre-scan cue generation method • Compare autobiographical vs. semantic retrieval AM SM Anterior Posterior Posterior Anterior Greenberg, Rice, Cooper, Cabeza, Rubin & LaBar, Neuropsychologia, 2005

  31. How Can Cognitive Neuroscience Contribute? Two central issues in emotional memory research(Schooler & Eich, 2000) 1. Whether emotion enhances or diminishes the strength of memory for an event 2. Whether special mechanisms are required to account for the effects of emotion on memory 3. Whether emotion affects the subjective experience of remembering

  32. Historical interest: Emotion and memory Francis Bacon: Facts connected with strong feelings were easier remembered than indifferent facts Descartes: Emergence of memories is brought about by the passions Rappaport, Emotions and Memory, 1950

  33. S.P. R L # words recalled Arousal-Mediated Memory Consolidation Deficits Following Bilateral Amygdala Damage LaBar & Phelps, Psychol Sci, 1998

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