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Pavlovian or Classical Conditioning

Pavlovian or Classical Conditioning. Psychology 3306. Introduction. Pavlov was working on digestion, the rest is history! Figured that lots of dogs’ behaviour may have involved this conditional redirection of reflexes Called the phenomenon ‘Conditional Reflexes’. Conditional?.

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Pavlovian or Classical Conditioning

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  1. Pavlovian or Classical Conditioning Psychology 3306

  2. Introduction • Pavlov was working on digestion, the rest is history! • Figured that lots of dogs’ behaviour may have involved this conditional redirection of reflexes • Called the phenomenon ‘Conditional Reflexes’

  3. Conditional? • Yes conditional • Was mistranslated and ‘conditioned’!!! • So that is where we get the term conditioning from

  4. Key terms • Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS or US) • Biologically relevant stimulus, that without prior learning elicits an…. • Unconditioned Response (UR or UCR) • Conditioned Stimulus (CS) • Neutral stimulus that with many CS – US pairing elicits a • Conditioned Response (CR)

  5. Cool conditioning stuff • Seems that pretty much any reflex can be hooked up • Today we concentrate on a few different preparations • Human eyeblink (rabbits too) • CER (Conditioned emotional response) or suppression • SCR (Skin conductivity response) • Taste aversion or food aversion

  6. Early theoretical ideas • Pavlov and stimulus substitution • US replaced by CS • However the CR is not always the same as the UR • Sign tracking takes this idea into account actually • Weak, but intuitively pleasing

  7. Perhaps physiology? • Pavlov thought there were CS and US centres in the brain • Hmmm, don’t seem to be, though some responses are hooked up to specific brain regions • What is the connection though is it S – S or S – R?

  8. UR US CS S-S and S-R

  9. If we could just get rid of that US – UR bond….. UR US CS

  10. Rescrola (1973) • So, how do you get rid of a response that is hard wired to a stimulus? • Well, if you use CER, then your response is startle right? • How do you get rid of a startle reflex? • Habituation!! • (Bob is a smart man)

  11. Design

  12. Results • Less suppression in Habituation group • (In other words, more responding) • Therefore, the connection MUST be S – S • WOW!

  13. Some important properties of Pavlovian conditioning • Acquisition • Asymptote • Extinction • Spontaneous recovery • Disinhibition • Rapid Reacquisition

  14. Conditioned Inhibition • Summation Test • B+ • A- • AB • Retardation Test • A- • AB

  15. Generalization • So you will get a response (CR) to a given CS. • Just like with habituation, you will get generalization • Just like with habituation the less similar the new CS is to the original, the less CR you get

  16. Discrimination • Sort of the opposite of Generalization • CS+ and CS- • Animal responds (CR) to S+ not to S- • Discrimination gets too hard you get ‘neuroses’

  17. Temporal Relationships • Simultaneous conditioning • Short delay • Long delay • Trace conditioning • Backwards • Again, contiguity alone does not do the trick, no surprise here

  18. Correlation of events CS- CS- CS- CS- old control group, animal learns what? CS + CS- CS+ CS- CS+ CS- Rescorla Control CS+ CS+ CS+ CS+ CS+

  19. Conditional probability • The animal basically compares p(US | CS) with p(US | no CS) • The greater the difference the greater the conditioning • Long term more than short term • Whole new take on learning

  20. Other paradigms • Higher order conditioning • Sensory preconditioning • Outside the lab too! • Daily life • Systematic desensitization • Aversive counterconditioning • Flooding

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