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Title of Research:

Title of Research: Effects of Alfalfa Hay Particle Size and Feeding Frequency on Lamb Performance and Digestibility Traits PhD Degree Candidate: Hafiz A. Ibrahim. Particle Size Affects Rumination. If too fine – chewing ↓, saliva ↓, buffering capacity ↓, pH ↓ If adequate –

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Title of Research:

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  1. Title of Research: Effects of Alfalfa Hay Particle Size and Feeding Frequency on Lamb Performance and Digestibility Traits PhD Degree Candidate: Hafiz A. Ibrahim

  2. ParticleSize Affects Rumination • If too fine – chewing ↓, saliva ↓, buffering capacity ↓, pH ↓ • If adequate – chewing ↑, saliva ↑, buffering capacity ↑, pH ↑

  3. Objectives of the study To evaluate the effects of Alfalfa Hay Particle Size and Feeding Frequency on:- • Lamb performance. • Nutrient digestibility. • Digesta Passage rate. • Carcass characteristics.

  4. MATERIALS AND METHODS • 72 Najdi ram Lambs averaging 24kg were utilized. • Long alfalfa hay and two chopping lengths were offered. Diet A= 9.5 mm-length hay in PCR. Diet B= 14 mm-length hay in PCR. Diet C= Long hay + PConc. • Feed was offered as 95g.d.W0.75

  5. Alfalfa Hay Particle Length & Long Hay Diet A & B ( 9.5 ,14 mm) Diet C ( Long hay)

  6. Two feeding frequencies were practiced: Once per day (8:00 am). Twice per day (8:00 am and 4:00 pm). • Lambs were randomly allocated to six treatment groups (12 per group) in a 3x2 factorial arrangement. • The feeding experiment were lasted for 14 wk; thereafter, all lambs were slaughtered.

  7. Treatment Group

  8. Table1. Ingredients and Composition of the Basal Diet.

  9. Chemical analysis of the diets (g/kg)

  10. :Parameters Measured • Daily feed intake . • Average Daily Gain. • Feed Efficiency. • Nutrients Digestibility. • Nitrogen Balance. • Rumen Kinetics. • Digesta Passage. • Carcass Characteristics.

  11. Statistical Analysis • Lamb Performance, Digestibility Traits, Ruminal Parameters and Carcass Data were subjected to GLM models using The Statistical Analysis System Packages (SAS, 2000).

  12. Effects of alfalfa hay particle size and feeding frequency on lamb performances.

  13. Carcass characteristics

  14. Effects of alfalfa hay particle size and feeding frequency on nutrient digestibility

  15. Effects of alfalfa hay particle size and feeding frequency on nitrogen balance

  16. Effects of alfalfa hay particle size and feeding frequency on ruminal VFA concentrations

  17. Figure 1 . Effect of particle length on total VFA concentration in rumen liquor VFA concentration, mM 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 h Post-feeding

  18. Figure 2 . Effect of feeding frequency on total VFA concentration in rumen liquor VFA concentration, mM 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 h Post-feeding

  19. Effect of alfalfa particle size and feeding frequency on digesta passage rate and Cr MRT

  20. Effect of alfalfa particle size and feeding frequency on digesta passage rate and Cr MRT

  21. Effect of alfalfa particle size and feeding frequency on digesta passage rate and Cr MRT

  22. Effect of alfalfa particle size and feeding frequency on digesta passage rate and Cr MRT

  23. Conclusion • Complete pelleted feed with reduced alfalfa particle size improved: - Average Daily Gain (ADG) . - Dry Matter Intake (DM). - Decrease digestibility of NDF, ADF. - Lower rumen solid retention time. - Hot carcass weight. • Feeding frequency

  24. Recommendations • More research is needed. • Complete pelleted ration (75% concentrate Plus 25%chopped alfalfa hay) is recommended. • Once daily feeding would reduce labor and equipment operation costs at the feedlot production

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