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Intimate Partner Violence Impact

Intimate Partner Violence Impact. A. Impact: Injuries. > Women (3%) than Men (.4%) need medical attention for injuries sustained from marital aggression (Nat’l Sample) Significantly more severe injuries sustained by women (marital aggression sample). . A. Impact: Injuries.

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Intimate Partner Violence Impact

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  1. Intimate Partner Violence Impact

  2. A. Impact: Injuries • > Women (3%) than Men (.4%) need medical attention for injuries sustained from marital aggression (Nat’l Sample) • Significantly more severe injuries sustained by women (marital aggression sample).

  3. A. Impact: Injuries • UMSL Study of battered women 97% some type of injury/medical complication from IPV. • Bruises to head, face, neck (88%), other (79%) • Loss of consciousness (46%%) • Cuts on body (46%), or head/face/neck (36%) • STD’s (28%) • Dislocations (21%) • Ruptured eardrum (21%)

  4. A. Impact: Injuries • UMSL Study Findings (con’t) • Miscarriage (21%) • Damaged teeth (15%) • Burns, head/face/neck (9%) • Damage to Internal Organs (9%). • At least One Permanent Scars/Mark (59%) • 1-3 Permanent Marks or Scars (25%) • 4-10 Permanent Marks or Scars (13%)

  5. B. Impact:Mental Health • Posttraumatic Stress Disorder • Depression and Suicidality • Substance Abuse • Psychosexual Problems • Anxiety Disorders • Diminished Coping • Reduced Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem.

  6. B. Impact: Lethal Outcomes • Approximately 2,000 deaths annually due to intimate partner homicide. • From 2/3 to 3/4 are men killing their female partners. • 30% of female murders vs. 6% of male murders were committed by an intimate.

  7. C. Impact:Economic Effects • Costs due to Medical Care • Costs due to Missed Work • Miller et al (1996) estimated the costs of IPV as $67 billion/year (15% of total crime costs). • Due to medical, functional impairment, decreased quality of life. Excludes disability and welfare costs and those resulting from the long-term psychological impact of ipv.

  8. D. Impact: Effects on Children • At least 3.3 million children exposed to IPV/yr • Children observe, overhear abusive incidents and witness results (bruises, injuries, etc). • Effects are: short-term and long-term, affecting emotional, cognitive and social development both during childhood and extending into adulthood. • 40-60% of children who witness also suffer abuse themselves; also increased risk of neglect and emotional abuse.

  9. D. Impact: Effects on Children (Con’t) • Damage in 4 general areas: • Immediate traumatic effects; • Adverse effects on development; • Greatly increased stress, especially fear of harm to themselves and their mothers; • Consequences of exposure to violent/abusive role models greatly increases risk of current and future perpetration.

  10. D. Impact: Effects on Children (Con’t) • Traumatic Effects-anxiety,depression,PTSD, self-blame, suicidality,somatic complaints, bed-wetting, withdrawal. • Developmental Effects: school problems, impaired social competence,poor problem-solving skills, low self-esteem. • Behavioral Effects: Aggression, low empathy, truancy, substance use, acceptance/legitmization of violence

  11. D. Impact: Mediating Effects on Children • Responses vary by exposure (frequency, severity, and multiplicity), risk/resillence. • Age: no clear findings,suggest younger worse • Gender: Very mixed results • Race/Ethnicity: Understudied, but Euro-Amer found to have more externalizing than African-American children

  12. E. Impact: Risk Factors for Exposed Children • Impaired Maternal Functioning; • Multiple Exposure to Violence, such as witnessing and experiencing abuse; amount and variety of violence • Increased Exposure to Other Stressors, such as poverty, parental substance abuse. • Adjustment most related to AMOUNT of violence

  13. F. Impact: Resillience Factors for Exposed Children • Individual attributes of the child, e.g., hardiness, sociability and social or academic competence, positive self-worth; • Social support within the family system; • Social support outside the family system;

  14. F. Impact: Long-Term Effects on Children • Boys who witness their fathers using violence against their mothers are at extreme risk for engaging in IPV as adults. • Intervention at this level might help to prevent boys from becoming batterers. • Adults exposed to IPV during Childhood experience higher rates of PTSD, depression, substance use, relationship conflict and violence, violence outside the family.

  15. G. Special Issues w/Children • Children may be used as pawns to threaten victim or maintain control over her • Abuser may threaten to take children or may actually abduct them. • Abuser may manipulate children into spying on and reporting back on partner’s activities. • Abuser may threaten to report her to DFS. • Visitations can be used to control/stalk her

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