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More Real-World Applications of Nanotechnology: Energy

More Real-World Applications of Nanotechnology: Energy. FUEL CELL CARS. SOLAR CELLS. www.honda.com. www.citizenre.com. ELECTRIC CARS. www.teslamotors.com . Mark Tuominen, Center for Hierarchical Manufacturing, UMass, December 1, 2007 . Prior application examples: Nanoelectronics. 20 GB.

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More Real-World Applications of Nanotechnology: Energy

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  1. More Real-World Applications of Nanotechnology: Energy FUEL CELL CARS SOLAR CELLS www.honda.com www.citizenre.com ELECTRIC CARS www.teslamotors.com Mark Tuominen, Center for Hierarchical Manufacturing, UMass, December 1, 2007

  2. Prior application examples:Nanoelectronics

  3. 20 GB 40 GB 10 GB 2001 2002 2004 Hard drive Magnetic data storage 80 GB 160 GB 2006 2007 Example: Advancement of the iPod Uses nanotechnology!

  4. 25 DVDs on a disk the size of a quarter, or all Library of Congress books on a 1 sq ft tile! Shrinking Magnets to the Nanoscale Increases the amount of data stored on a fixed amount of “real estate” ! Now ~ 100 billion bits/in2, future target more than 1 trillion bits/in2

  5. Computer Microprocessor "Heart of the computer" Does the "thinking"

  6. Shrinking Transistors to the Nanoscale Moore's "Law": Number of Transistors per Microprocessor Chip intel.com

  7. Can similar advancements be made in energy technology?

  8. History of Energy Consumption in the U.S. quads year www.eia.doe.gov

  9. U.S. Total Energy Flow, 2003 in quadrillion Btu (QBtu) 1 BTU ~ 1055 Joule The U.S. consumes about 100 QBtu annually. www.eia.doe.gov

  10. Total US Energy Production and Consumption, 1980-2030 quadrillion Btu History Projections Net imports Consumption Production

  11. The Earth’s Power System The Sun

  12. Solar Cells Benefit: Sun is an unlimited source of electronic energy. Konarka

  13. “load” + - Electric Solar Cells Made from single-crystal silicon wafers (conventionally) Sunlight wires - cross-sectional view n-type silicon Voltage p-type silicon + Current The load can be a lamp, an electric motor, a CD player, a toaster, etc

  14. light + - hole electron Inside a Solar Cell • The separated charge has higher potential energy than the neutral atom. • The electron (and hole) are now free to move independent of one another. neutral Si atom

  15. “load” Electric Solar Cells p-n junction interface Sunlight - cross-sectional view - - - -- - - - n-type silicon 0.5 Volt Voltage + + + ++ + + + p-type silicon + The electric power produced is proportional to the area of the solar cell Current

  16. “load” Nanostructured Solar Cells Sunlight - Voltage + Current More interface area - More power!

  17. ~10 nm ONE ROUTE: SELF ASSEMBLY Diblock Copolymers Block “B” Block “A” PS PMMA Scale set by molecular size Ordered Phases 10% A 30% A 50% A 70% A 90% A

  18. Hydrogen Fuel Cell • Lightest fuel • Can make H2 from water • Goals • Improve proton membrane • Use less catalyst • CHEAPER!

  19. Nano-Battery

  20. Nanotechnology R&D is interdisciplinary and impacts many application • Electronics • Materials • Health/Biotech • Chemical • Environmental • Energy • Aerospace • Automotive • Security • Forest products • And others • Physics • Chemistry • Biology • Materials Science • Polymer Science • Electrical Engineering • Chemical Engineering • Mechanical Engineering • Medicine • And others

  21. Re: Your future My Advice to Students: • Pursue your interests • Ask questions • Be clever • Do! Thanks for visiting UMass and learning about nanotechnology!

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