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Chapter 17

Chapter 17. Composition of Matter. Objectives. Objective: Define substances and mixtures. Objective: Identify elements and compounds. Objective: Compare and contrast solutions, colloids, and suspensions. CLE 3202.1.5 Evaluate pure substance and mixtures. Chemistry.

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Chapter 17

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  1. Chapter 17 Composition of Matter

  2. Objectives • Objective: Define substances and mixtures. • Objective: Identify elements and compounds. • Objective: Compare and contrast solutions, colloids, and suspensions. • CLE 3202.1.5 Evaluate pure substance and mixtures.

  3. Chemistry The study of matter, its properties, and changes.

  4. Atom The basic unit that makes up all matter.

  5. A. Pure Substances A pure substance is made of only 1 type of matter.

  6. A. Substance Either an element or a compound.

  7. 1. Elements • Matter with identical atoms (only 1 type of atom) • All the atoms in a substance are the same

  8. Elements 118 total elements known (as of 2011, but this is changing? As research continues, so do the findings)

  9. 2. Compounds A compound is a substance with two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion

  10. Compounds

  11. Compounds • Different atoms (elements) are always combined in the same ratio.

  12. b. Compounds can only be separated (broken apart) into different elements by chemical or electrical processes.

  13. c. Common Compounds • H2O = water • NaCl = salt • C6H12O6 = sugar / glucose

  14. B. Mixture • Two or more substances that are NOT chemically combined • Can be easily separated by physical means

  15. 1. Homogeneous Homogeneous mixture contains two or more gaseous, liquid or solid substances blended evenly; you can not easily see the parts.

  16. a. Solutions Liquid homogeneous mixtures with particles so small they can not be seen without a microscope.

  17. Solutions The particles remain constantly and uniformly mixed. (Kool-aid, tea, salt-water)

  18. Homogeneous Solution

  19. Homogeneous

  20. 2. Heterogeneous Mixtures • Mixture of different materials that can be easily seen and separated. • Mixtures of materials that are not evenly blended.

  21. Heterogeneous

  22. 3. Colloid Heterogeneous mixture with larger particles that never settle.

  23. Colloid • Colloids scatter light in the Tyndall effect. Particles in the colloid are large enough to scatter light, but those in the solution are not.

  24. Tyndall effect Colloid

  25. Colloids Examples: jello, milk, smoke, fog, whipped cream

  26. 4. Suspension A heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles that settle out on standing.

  27. Suspensions • One material is denser than the other so a substance will float and never mix with the other. • Examples: oil and water, muddy water, vegetable soup

  28. Suspension

  29. Composition of Matter 1 Suspensions • The table summarizes the properties of different types of mixtures.

  30. Section Check 1 Question 1 A _______ is a type of matter with a fixed composition. A. colloid B. mixture C. substance D. solution

  31. Section Check 1 Answer The answer is C. A substance can be either an element or a compound.

  32. Section Check 1 Question 2 How many elements are found on Earth? A. 5 B. 10 C. 30 D. 90

  33. Section Check 1 Answer The answer is D. About 90 elements are found on Earth, and more than 20 have been made in laboratories.

  34. Section Check 1 Question 3 How are compounds different from mixtures?

  35. Section Check 1 Answer The atoms in compounds are combined in fixed proportions and cannot be separated by physical means. A mixture is made of two or more substances that can be easily separated by physical means.

  36. Question 4 How can a solution be distinguished from a colloid?

  37. Answer Use the Tyndall effect to observe that colloids scatter light.

  38. Objectives • Objective: Define substances and mixtures. • Objective: Identify elements and compounds. • Objective: Compare and contrast solutions, colloids, and suspensions. • CLE 3202.1.5 Evaluate pure substance and mixtures.

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