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Explore the major stages in making chemicals, identify acid and alkali types, and conduct practical investigations on reactions with metals, carbonates, oxides, and hydroxides. Understand the pH scale, equations, and characteristics of acids and alkalis in this informative resource.
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Major stages in making chemicals • A need for a chemical is identified. • A “pilot plant” is set up to find out the requirements for production. • Costs are considered and balanced with potential profit. • A proper chemical plant is built costing millions of pounds but creating a lot of jobs.
Acids and Alkalis What can we make from acids and alkalis ? Starter:sketch a pH scale and add on any information you know. Weak and strong acids Weak and strong alkalis Neutral Colour of universal indicator Numbers
recall the characteristic reactions of acids • write word and symbol equations for the reactions of acids • H: write balanced symbol equations for the reactions of acids
Acid Types Organic Mineral Nitric acid Sulfuric acid Hydrochloric acid (hydrogen chloride gas dissolved in water) • Citric acid (solid) • Tartaric acid (solid) • Ethanoic acid (liquid, vinegar)
Alkalis – what do you know ? Potassium hydroxide (KOH) Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) Calcium Hydroxide (CaOH)
Task • Complete the practical investigation.
Metals + acids • Metal + acid salt + hydrogen Magnesium + hydrochloric acid magnesium chloride +hydrogen
Acids and metal carbonates Acid + metal carbonate salt + carbon dioxide + water Hydrochloric acid Calcium carbonate Calcium chloride Carbon dioxide Water
Acids and metal oxides or hydroxides Acid + metal oxide salt +water Acid + metal hydroxide (OH) salt + water Hydrochloric acid Magnesium oxide Magnesium chloride Water