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Major stages in making chemicals

Explore the major stages in making chemicals, identify acid and alkali types, and conduct practical investigations on reactions with metals, carbonates, oxides, and hydroxides. Understand the pH scale, equations, and characteristics of acids and alkalis in this informative resource.

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Major stages in making chemicals

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  1. Major stages in making chemicals • A need for a chemical is identified. • A “pilot plant” is set up to find out the requirements for production. • Costs are considered and balanced with potential profit. • A proper chemical plant is built costing millions of pounds but creating a lot of jobs.

  2. Acids and Alkalis What can we make from acids and alkalis ? Starter:sketch a pH scale and add on any information you know. Weak and strong acids Weak and strong alkalis Neutral Colour of universal indicator Numbers

  3. recall the characteristic reactions of acids • write word and symbol equations for the reactions of acids • H: write balanced symbol equations for the reactions of acids

  4. What do you know about acids?

  5. Acid Types Organic Mineral Nitric acid Sulfuric acid Hydrochloric acid (hydrogen chloride gas dissolved in water) • Citric acid (solid) • Tartaric acid (solid) • Ethanoic acid (liquid, vinegar)

  6. Alkalis – what do you know ? Potassium hydroxide (KOH) Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) Calcium Hydroxide (CaOH)

  7. Task • Complete the practical investigation.

  8. Metals + acids • Metal + acid  salt + hydrogen Magnesium + hydrochloric acid  magnesium chloride +hydrogen

  9. Finish the equations in section 1

  10. Acids and metal carbonates Acid + metal carbonate  salt + carbon dioxide + water Hydrochloric acid Calcium carbonate Calcium chloride Carbon dioxide Water

  11. Finish the equations in section 2

  12. Acids and metal oxides or hydroxides Acid + metal oxide  salt +water Acid + metal hydroxide (OH)  salt + water Hydrochloric acid Magnesium oxide Magnesium chloride Water

  13. Finish the equations in section 3

  14. Balancing Equations

  15. Plenary random

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