Impact of Library Resource Management Trends for Technical Services

1. Marshall Breeding Independent Consultant, Author, Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides http://www.librarytechnology.org/ http://twitter.com/mbreeding Impact of Library Resource Management Trends for Technical Services A Budding Flower or a Thorny Future? April 11, 2014 New England Technical Services Librarians

2. Description • Breeding will give an update on the current trends in realm of resource management technologies.  A new genre of Library Services Platforms has emerged, with multiple products well into their implementation phase, though others remain in development.  Integrated Library Systems continue as the dominant type of product installed in most libraries.  Both revolutionary and evolutionary courses seem to be underway towards a goal of more modern approaches to resource management.  Any resource management tool must address the changing reality of libraries that are ever more involved with print and digital resources, with many seeing significant declines in acquisitions of print materials. New models of partnerships among institutions and shared infrastructure impact strategies on how libraries acquire, manage, and provide access to collections. Other topics addressed will include the how the work of technical services relates to Web-scale or index-based discovery services that the library might deploy.  

3. Library Technology Guides www.librarytechnology.org

4. General Industry Trends

5. Library Technology Industry Reports American Libraries Library Journal • 2014: Strategic Competition and Cooperation • 2013: Rush to Innovate • 2012: Agents of Change • 2011: New Frontier • 2010: New Models, Core Systems • 2009: Investing in the Future • 2008: Opportunity out of turmoil • 2007: An industry redefined • 2006: Reshuffling the deck • 2005: Gradual evolution • 2004: Migration down, innovation up • 2003: The competition heats up • 2002: Capturing the migrating customer

6. Personnel Resources 2013

7. Recent ILS Industry Contracts

8. Mergers and Acquisitions

9. Mergers and Acquisitions Detail

10. Personnel Growth / Loss

11. New-generation Library Management

12. AppropriateAutomation Infrastructure • Current automation products out of step with current realities • Increasing proportions of library collection funds spent on electronic content • Majority of automation efforts support print activities • Management of e-content continues with inadequate supporting infrastructure • New discovery solutions help with access to e-content • Library users expect more engaging socially aware interfaces for Web and mobile

13. Almost all library automation vendors offer some form of “cloud-based” services Server management moves from library to Vendor Subscription-based business model Comprehensive annual subscription payment Offsets local server purchase and maintenance Offsets some local technology support Library Automation in the Cloud

14. Fragmented Library Management • LMS for management of (mostly) print • Duplicative financial systems between library and local government or other parent organization • E-book lending platform (multiple?) • Interlibrary loan (borrowing and lending) • Self-service and AMH infrastructure • Electronic Resource Management • PC Scheduling and print management • Event scheduling • Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.) • Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections • No effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

15. Is the status quo sustainable? • ILS for management of (mostly) print • Duplicative financial systems between library and campus • Electronic Resource Management (non-integrated with ILS) • OpenURL Link Resolver w/ knowledge base for access to full-text electronic articles • Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.) • Institutional Repositories (DSpace, Fedora, etc.) • Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections • No effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

16. Policies $$$ Funds BIB Vendor Holding / Items CircTransact User Integrated (for print) Library System Public Interfaces: Staff Interfaces: Interfaces Circulation Cataloging Acquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog BusinessLogic DataStores

17. Policies LicenseTerms BIB Vendors Holding / Items CircTransact User Vendor E-JournalTitles $$$ Funds LMS / ERM: Fragmented Model Public Interfaces: Staff Interfaces: ` Application Programming Interfaces Circulation Cataloging Acquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog E-resourceProcurement LicenseManagement Protocols: CORE

18. BIB Holding / Items CircTransact User Vendor Policies $$$ Funds Common approach for ERM Public Interfaces: Staff Interfaces: Budget License Terms Application Programming Interfaces Circulation Cataloging Acquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog Titles / Holdings Vendors Access Details

19. Almost no systematic automation support for references and research services Customer Relationship Management? Resource sharing / Interlibrary loan management Collection development support Gaps in Automation

20. Comprehensive Resource Management • No longer sensible to use different software platforms for managing different types of library materials • ILS + ERM + OpenURL Resolver + Digital Asset management, etc. very inefficient model • Flexible platform capable of managing multiple type of library materials, multiple metadata formats, with appropriate workflows • Support for management of metadata in bulk • Continuous lifecycle chain initiated before publication

21. Academic Libraries need a new model of library management • Not an Integrated Library System or Library Management System • The ILS/LMSwas designed to help libraries manage print collections • Generally did not evolve to manage electronic collections • Other library automation products evolved: • Electronic Resource Management Systems – OpenURL Link Resolvers – Digital Library Management Systems -- Institutional Repositories

22. Library Services Platform • Library-specific software. Designed to help libraries automate their internal operations, manage collections, fulfillment requests, and deliver services • Services • Service oriented architecture • Exposes Web services and other API’s • Facilitates the services libraries offer to their users • Platform • General infrastructure for library automation • Consistent with the concept of Platform as a Service • Library programmers address the APIs of the platform to extend functionality, create connections with other systems, dynamically interact with data

23. Library Services Platform Characteristics • Highly Shared data models • Knowledgebase architecture • Some may take hybrid approach to accommodate local data stores • Delivered through software as a service • Multi-tenant • Unified workflows across formats and media • Flexible metadata management • MARC – Dublin Core – VRA – MODS – ONIX • Bibframe • New structures not yet invented • Open APIs for extensibility and interoperability

24. Library Services Platforms

25. Development Schedule

26. ILS products continue to evolve Continue to be appropriate for libraries with active physical collections Public Libraries Development trajectory must include Integration of e-book lending Service-oriented architecture Improved support for non-print materials Evolved ILS will eventually resemble library services platforms Integrated Library Systems?

27. Basic structure of an ILS APIs available for extensibility LEAP: development of Web-based staff interfaces Full integration of e-book discovery and lending Partnership with 3M Cloud Library Continues to see strong sales Evolved ILS example: Polaris

28. New Library Management Model Unified Presentation Layer Search: Self-Check /Automated Return Library Services Platform ` Digital Coll Consolidated index Discovery Service ProQuest API Layer StockManagement EBSCO … Enterprise ResourcePlanning Smart Cad / Payment systems JSTOR LearningManagement AuthenticationService Other Resources

29. MARC-based cataloging prospects Library collections shifting to electronic and digital Many components of collections appropriately described with other formats: Dublin Core, VRA, Metadata Management

30. Resource Description and Access http://www.loc.gov/aba/rda/ Major change relative to resources devoted to transition Minor impact relative to operational and strategic use of metadata RDA

31. Emerged from the Initiative for Bibliographic Transformation of the Library of Congress http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/ bibframe.org Replacement for MARC (Machine Readable Cataloging), but broader in scope Encoded using RDF (Resource Description Framework) Major departure from MARC Today more conceptual than operational BIBFRAME

32. Demand-driven acquisitions Managing records in bulk Personnel Resources distributed among acquiring and describing electronic, print, and digital resources Resource allocation should be loosely proportionate to collection budgets and high-level strategies New systems provide more flexibility to handle multiple families of metadata New Technical processing workflows

33. Resource Management for Discovery

34. Web-scale Index-based Discovery ILS Data (2009- present) Digital Collections Search: Web Site Content Institutional Repositories Search Results Aggregated Content packages Consolidated Index Profile of Library Subscriptions Open Access … E-Journals CustomerProfile Usage-generatedData Reference Sources Pre-built harvesting and indexing

35. Demise of the local catalog? • Many library services platforms do not include the concept of an online catalog dedicated to local physical inventory • Designed for discovery services as public-facing interface • Implication: Discovery service must incorporate detailed functionality for local materials and related services

36. Beginning of a new cycle of transition Over the course of the next decade, academic libraries will replace their current legacy products with new platforms Not just a change of technology but a substantial change in the ways that libraries manage their resources and deliver their services Development / Deployment perspective

37. Eventual product consolidation • Alma for resource management • Eventual transition of Voyager and Aleph • Immediate transition of Verde • SFX • DigiTool for digital collections • Primo / Primo Central for Discovery • Rosetta for Preservation • Possible integration into Alma?

38. Open source and Open Access • Open source development of platform services • Open source infrastructure components • Open APIs to expose platform services • Knowledge base components • Open access • Community maintained • Adequately resourced

39. Open Systems • Achieving openness has risen as the key driver behind library technology strategies • Libraries need to do more with their data • Ability to improve customer experience and operational efficiencies • Demand for Interoperability • Open source – full access to internal program of the application • Open API’s – expose programmatic interfaces to data and functionality

40. Major thread in library systems development Koha Evergreen Kuali OLE Open Source Integrated Library Systems

41. Competing Models of Library Automation • Traditional Proprietary Commercial ILS • Aleph, Voyager, Millennium, Symphony, Polaris, • BOOK-IT, DDELibra, Libra.se • LIBERO, Amlib, Spydus, TOTALS II, Talis Alto, OpenGalaxy • Traditional Open Source ILS • Evergreen, Koha • New generation Library Services Platforms • Ex Libris Alma • Kuali OLE (Enterprise, not cloud) • OCLC WorldShare Management Services, • Serials Solutions Intota • Innovative Interfaces Sierra (evolving)

42. Moving legacy systems to hosted services provides some savings to individual institutions but does not result in dramatic transformation Globally shared data and metadata models have the potential to achieve new levels of operational efficiencies and more powerful discovery and automation scenarios that improve the position of libraries overall. Leveraging the Cloud

43. Beginning of a new cycle of transition Over the course of the next decade, academic libraries will replace their current legacy products with new platforms Not just a change of technology but a substantial change in the ways that libraries manage their resources and deliver their services Development / Deployment perspective

44. Progressive consolidation of library services • Centralization of technical infrastructure of multiple libraries within a campus • Resource sharing support • Direct borrowing among partner institutions • Shared infrastructure between institutions • Examples: 2CUL (Columbia University / Cornell University) • Orbis Cascade Alliance (37 independent colleges and universities to merge into shared LSP)

45. Convergence • Discovery and Management solutions will increasingly be implemented as matched sets • Ex Libris: Primo / Alma • Serials Solutions: Summon / Intota • OCLC: WorldCat Local / WorldShare Platform • Except: Kuali OLE, EBSCO Discovery Service • Both depend on an ecosystem of interrelated knowledge bases • API’s exposed to mix and match, but efficiencies and synergies are lost

46. Questions and discussion