Atomic Structure

1. Atomic Structure Do you know your atomic structure?

2. Basic Unit of Matter • ATOM • Sodium Atom Animation

3. What is the charge of each subatomic particle? • Proton neutron electron • + O - • positive none negative

4. Where are they found in the atom? Neutron and proton – in the nucleus Electron –outside the nucleus Helium atom animation

6. Pure Substance: Iodine

9. There’s antimony, arsenic, aluminum, selenium,And hydrogen and oxygen and nitrogen and rheniumAnd nickel, neodymium, neptunium, germanium,And iron, americium, ruthenium, uranium,Europium, zirconium, lutetium, vanadiumAnd lanthanum and osmium and astatine and radiumAnd gold, protactinium and indium and galliumAnd iodine and thorium and thulium and thallium. There’s yttrium, ytterbium, actinium, rubidiumAnd boron, gadolinium, niobium, iridiumAnd strontium and silicon and silver and samarium,And bismuth, bromine, lithium, beryllium and barium. There’s holmium and helium and hafnium and erbium And phosphorous and francium and fluorine and terbiumAnd manganese and mercury, molybdinum, magnesium,Dysprosium and scandium and cerium and cesiumAnd lead, praseodymium, platinum, plutonium,Palladium, promethium, potassium, polonium,Tantalum, technetium, titanium, tellurium,And cadmium and calcium and chromium and curium. There’s sulfur, californium and fermium, berkeliumAnd also mendelevium, einsteinium and nobeliumAnd argon, krypton, neon, radon, xenon, zinc and rhodiumAnd chlorine, cobalt, carbon, copper,Tungsten, tin and sodium. These are the only ones of which the news has come to Harvard,And there may be many others but they haven’t been discovered. Element Song(link) “The Elements” by Tom Lehrer

10. Symbols of Elements • 1. First letter is capitalized • 2. Second letter (if there is one) is always lower case • EXAMPLES: • C F Al • Cl B Mn • Ca H Mg • Cr O Mo

11. Which are symbols?Abbreviations for elements • C CO Mn CO2 Ni Why? • C Mn Ni • Only one capital letter

12. Trace Elements Needed by some organisms but only in very small amounts Like iodine, we need only 0.15 mg per day A deficiency will cause a goiter

13. What are trace elements? • Needed in the body in only small amounts • Like mg (milligrams) • WHY IMPORTANT IF WE DON’T NEED SO MUCH? • Minerals act as catalysts (speed up reactions) for many biological reactions

14. EACH ELEMENT: All the same atoms • Photographic Periodic Table (link)

15. Which are elements? • Cu • C • CO • Co • N • NO • WHY? • Cu C N only one kind of matter

16. Atomic Number • Number of protons of an element

19. Mass Number • Mass of nucleus

21. Mass Number Atomic Number What is the mass number of Na?

22. Atomic Number?Mass Number?

23. HOW TO FIND • Number of Protons = Atomic Number • Number of Electrons = Number ofProtons = Atomic Number • Number of Neutrons = Mass Number - Atomic Number

24. How many? • Protons electrons neutrons • Carbon 6 6 6 • Chlorine • 17 17 18

26. Is this a neutral atom? = p = e-

27. Same Number of electrons as protons • WHY? • So the atom will be neutral (no excess charge)

28. What is the mass number of…? • Carbon nitrogen hydrogen • WHY? • 12 14 1 • Decimal number on periodic table • Not other number in succession • Number of p + n

29. What is the atomic number of? • Silicon fluorine sodium WHY? • 14 9 11 • Number in succession (not a decimal) • Number of protons

30. How do you find the number of…? • Protons electrons neutrons • Atomic atomic mass no. Number number minus (if neutral) At. No.

31. YOU NEED TO KNOW • The Names (spelled correctly) and the Symbols (written correctly) • “Naturally Occurring Elements in the Human Body”

32. Radioisotopes • All elements with atomic numbers greater than 83 are radioisotopes meaning that these elements have unstable nuclei and are radioactive and some under 83 have isotope forms.

33. Isotope: form of an element with a different number of neutrons

34. What makes atoms radioactive? Their nuclei are unstable and they break down at a constant rate over time…and they have uneven numbers of protons and neutrons. Radioactive Decay of Uranium

36. Radioactive Particles Given Off

37. Radioactive Decay of Uranium

39. Number of neutrons? Isotopes? Which is the neutral form?

41. Which has more uneven number of protons and neutrons? Number of Protons

42. Positive Uses of Radioisotopes Iodine-131 treat thyroid cancer Sr 89 treat bone and prostate cancer PET SCAN

44. Technetium-99m has become the most widely used (80%) radioisotope for diagnosing diseased organs (especially brain, heart, and bone)

45. Which are isotopes? • 16 20 38 128 12 O F K I C 8 9 19 53 6 WHY? • 38 128 F K I 9 19 53 different # neutrons

46. Formula • Abbreviation for a compound • A COMPOUND is two or more elements chemically bound:

47. Which are formulas?Abbreviation for a compound • H2SO4 Cl2 H20 Al Why? H2SO4 H20 abbreviations for compounds (2 or more different kinds of elements)

48. What is a compound? • 2 or more different elements chemically joined (2+ diff. capital letters) • HCl H2O • H2SO4 NOT O2

49. Which are atoms? • C N N2 H20 Why? • C and N only one in number

50. Element Compound Symbol Formula Atom Molecule 1 kind of Atom, Na, H 2 or more different kinds of elements chemically joined, NaCl Abbreviation of an element, H, Cl Abbreviation of a compound Na2S 1 unit of matter H Na Cl 2 or more atoms chemically joined H2, NaCl Using The Correct Term(get handout)