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Oceanic Influences on Climate: Understanding Currents and Their Weather Impacts

Ocean currents play a crucial role in redistributing heat across the planet, with large-scale currents known as gyres, such as the North Atlantic Gyre, which includes the Gulf Stream. The Sea Surface Temperature (SST) of the Gulf Stream in July affects air temperature patterns, influenced by the Walker cell circulation. The El Niño and La Niña phenomena alter weather patterns in North America, bringing unusual weather during El Niño years and more typical conditions during La Niña. This article explores these interactions and the role of fronts and air mass transitions.

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Oceanic Influences on Climate: Understanding Currents and Their Weather Impacts

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  1. Oceanic Influences on Climate

  2. Ocean currents redistribute heat Large scale currents are called gyres

  3. North Atlantic Gyre Includes the Gulf Stream

  4. SST in Gulf Stream- July

  5. Influence of Gulf stream SST on air temp

  6. Walker cell circulation

  7. El Nino and La Nina years since 1950. El Nino years produce weird weather in North America La Nina years are more “normal”

  8. Prevailing wind flow along the ITCZ pushes warm water eastward Position of ITCZ shifts North with Northern Hemisphere summer and south with the Southern Hemisphere summer

  9. SST July- Illustrating El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

  10. SST- Equatorial Pacific July

  11. SST January- El Nino Southern Oscillation

  12. El Nino circulation

  13. La Nina circulation

  14. Fronts (1:2) ･ Transition zone between air masses - described according to air mass which is approaching and relative motion ･ Cold Front (can move very fast) - colder air mass moving faster than warmer air - lifts warm air up in front of it - may form something called a "dry line" > associated with strong thunderstorm development

  15. Fronts (2:2) ･ Warm Front (typically moves more slowly) - warmer air mass moving faster than cooler air - warm air rides up over cold dense air - usually a wider band of "active" weather

  16. Cyclonic storms ･ Associated with Low pressure systems ･ Lows moved by Upper level high velocity winds - Jetstream ･ usually involve air masses with different properties - one warm the other cold - one humid the other dry

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