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Understanding DNA Structure and Function: Key Concepts and Processes

Explore essential concepts of DNA, including its structure, replication, and transcription. Learn about the components of DNA, such as sugars, phosphates, and nitrogenous bases, and how they contribute to its stability and heredity. Dive into the roles of various enzymes involved in DNA replication and the significance of experiments by scientists like Watson, Crick, and Hershey-Chase. This informative overview provides a foundational understanding of molecular biology principles crucial for studying genetics and genetic engineering.

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Understanding DNA Structure and Function: Key Concepts and Processes

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  1. Pick up a clicker on the way in

  2. What makes up the sides of DNA? • Sugars and bases • Sugars and phosphates • Phosphates and bases • Phosphates only • Sugars only • Bases only

  3. Fastest Responders (in seconds)

  4. What is always attached to the base? • Phosphate • Sugar • Neither

  5. Fastest Responders (in seconds)

  6. What are held together by 3 H bonds? • C and T • C and A • C and G • A and T

  7. Fastest Responders (in seconds)

  8. Which bases are purines? • A and G • A and T • A and C • C and T

  9. Fastest Responders (in seconds)

  10. What allows for a uniform 2 nm diameter of DNA? • Purines bonded with purines • Purines bonded with pyrimidines • Pyrimidines bonded with purines

  11. Fastest Responders (in seconds)

  12. If a DNA sequence has 30% guanine, how much thymine will it have • 10% • 20% • 30% • 40% • Cannot be determined

  13. Fastest Responders (in seconds)

  14. What unwinds the DNA helix? • DNA polymerase I • DNA polymerase III • Helicase • Ligase • Nuclease • Topoisomerase • Primase

  15. Fastest Responders (in seconds)

  16. What extends primers by adding DNA nucleotides? • DNA polymerase I • DNA polymerase III • Helicase • Ligase • Nuclease • Topoisomerase • Primase

  17. Fastest Responders (in seconds)

  18. What joins any gaps in the DNA strand? • DNA polymerase I • DNA polymerase III • Helicase • Ligase • Nuclease • Topoisomerase • Primase

  19. Fastest Responders (in seconds)

  20. What removes errors in the DNA (ex. Thymine dimer)? • DNA polymerase I • DNA polymerase III • Helicase • Ligase • Nuclease • Topoisomerase • Primase

  21. Fastest Responders (in seconds)

  22. What replaces RNA primers with DNA? • DNA polymerase I • DNA polymerase III • Helicase • Ligase • Nuclease • Topoisomerase • Primase

  23. Fastest Responders (in seconds)

  24. What relieves tension built up behind the replication fork? • DNA polymerase I • DNA polymerase III • Helicase • Ligase • Nuclease • Topoisomerase • Primase

  25. Fastest Responders (in seconds)

  26. What scientist used radioactively labeled viruses to identify DNA as the genetic material? • Watson-Crick • Meselsen-Stahl • Hershey-Chase • Franklin-Wilkens • Griffith • Chargaff

  27. Fastest Responders (in seconds)

  28. What scientist used x-ray diffraction to find the 2nm diameter of DNA • Watson-Crick • Meselsen-Stahl • Hershey-Chase • Franklin-Wilkens • Griffith • Chargaff

  29. Fastest Responders (in seconds)

  30. What scientist found that non-pathogenic bacteria can be transformed to pathogenic in the presence of heat-killed pathogens? • Watson-Crick • Meselsen-Stahl • Hershey-Chase • Franklin-Wilkens • Griffith • Chargaff

  31. Fastest Responders (in seconds)

  32. What scientist found that A + T = C + G in DNA? • Watson-Crick • Meselsen-Stahl • Hershey-Chase • Franklin-Wilkens • Griffith • Chargaff

  33. Fastest Responders (in seconds)

  34. What scientist found that DNA uses semi-conservative replication? • Watson-Crick • Meselsen-Stahl • Hershey-Chase • Franklin-Wilkens • Griffith • Chargaff

  35. Fastest Responders (in seconds)

  36. Replicate: TAC-GAT • TAC-GAT • UAC-GAU • ATG-CTA • AUG-CUA

  37. Fastest Responders (in seconds)

  38. Transcribe: TAC-GAT • TAC-GAT • UAC-GAU • ATG-CTA • AUG-CUA

  39. Fastest Responders (in seconds)

  40. What anticodon results from the DNA codon TAA • UAA • TAA • AUU • Cannot be determined

  41. Fastest Responders (in seconds)

  42. What occurs in transcription? • DNA  DNA • DNA  mRNA • DNA  tRNA • mRNA  tRNA • mRNA  amino acids

  43. Fastest Responders (in seconds)

  44. What happens in translation? • DNA  DNA • DNA  mRNA • DNA tRNA • mRNA tRNA • mRNA amino acids

  45. Fastest Responders (in seconds)

  46. Which strand of DNA is transcribed? • Sense strand • Anti-sense strand • Coding strand • Non-coding strand • Both A and C • Both A and D • Both B and C • Both B and D

  47. Fastest Responders (in seconds)

  48. Which part of the primary mRNA transcript is spliced out? • Introns • Exons • Neither

  49. Fastest Responders (in seconds)

  50. What bond holds amino acids together? • Hydrogen • Peptide • Phosphodiester • Ionic

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