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WWI Begins

Chapter 11.1. WWI Begins. Causes of WWI - Nationalism. Nationalism Devotion to the interests and culture of one’s nation Led to competitiveness among countries Ethnic Hostilities Slavs in the Balkans u/ control of different countries

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WWI Begins

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  1. Chapter 11.1 WWI Begins

  2. Causes of WWI - Nationalism • Nationalism • Devotion to the interests and culture of one’s nation • Led to competitiveness among countries • Ethnic Hostilities • Slavs in the Balkans u/ control of different countries • Serbia under Austria-Hungary’s control but protected by Russia • Tensions b/t Rus. and A-H

  3. Causes-Imperialism/Militarism 2. Imperialism • Europe expanding their empires • Germany began to compete w/ France and Britain • Fr and Ger competed for territory of Alsace-Lorraine • Serbia wanted to absorb Bosnia & other Slav areas 3. Militarism • Development of armed forces & their use as a role of diplomacy • Ger – strongest army – 1890 • Countries began to compete for strongest navy

  4. Causes- Alliance System • Alliances before WWI • Triple Entente • Br/Fr/Russia • Triple Alliance • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Italy • Alliance during WWI • Allies • Br/Fr/Italy/USA/Russia • Central Powers • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Ottoman Empire

  5. Assassination Leads to War • Balkans = “Powder keg of Europe” • Many countries vying for control in Balkans • Aust-Hung took over Bosnia 1878 • Bosnia/Serbia not happy • Archduke Franz Ferdinand – heir to Aust throne visiting Bosnia Assassinated by Gavrilo Princip – Serbian Nationalist

  6. Assassination Leads to War • Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia • Germany (A-H ally) declared war on Russia & France(Serbia’s ally) • Ger invaded Belgium and Britain declared war on Ger & Aust- Hung

  7. Fighting Starts • Aug 1914 • Schlieffen Plan – Germany’s war strategy • Ger would invade and defeat France before turning and defeating Russia • Had to go through neutral Belgium to get to France • Allies hold Central Powers at Marne R. – Sept 1914

  8. Trench Warfare • Both sides dug trenches – result of stalemate on Marne R. • Rats, disease infested • 3 Types of Trenches • Front line • Support • Reserve • No Man’s Land – area b/t the two side’s trenches • Many died here by machine gun fire • 1000s died for just a few yards of gained land

  9. America Questions Neutrality • Divided Loyalties • Many did not want to get involved • Immigrants followed war • Most Am. Sympathized w/ Britain – propaganda • 3 Reasons Am. Entered WWI • 1. German U-boat threat - Lusitania • Zimmerman note • Resuming unrestricted sub wafare

  10. War Hits Home • British Blockade • Br. Blockaded Ger coast & neutral waters • Famine hits Ger • Am not too pleased w/ Brit • German Unterseeboots – U-Boats • Ger. Subs counter-blockaded • Sank passenger liners • Lusitania – killed 1198 – 128 Am • Turned Am against Ger • Sussex Pledge - Ger promised to stop targeting passenger ships but broke promise

  11. 1916 Elections • Democrat Wilson v Republican Charles Hughes • Wilson wins a close election

  12. The US Declares War • Ger threatened to sink all boats in Br. Waters • Zimmermann Note • Telegram from Ger to Mex proposing an alliance • Ger would help Mex regain territory in US if war broke out with US • Ger resumed sub warfare • Bolshevik Rev causes Russia to pull out of WWI • America declares war – April 2, 1917

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