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Intro to Human Anatomy

Intro to Human Anatomy. Chapter 1. ANATOMY. PHYSIOLOGY. What’s the Difference?. Which has more new discoveries?. Anatomy or Physiology?. To send a nerve impulse, sodium and potassium ions must switch places in the cell The human tailbone is a fusion of multiple vertebrae

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Intro to Human Anatomy

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  1. Intro to Human Anatomy Chapter 1

  2. ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY What’s the Difference? Which has more new discoveries?

  3. Anatomy or Physiology? • To send a nerve impulse, sodium and potassium ions must switch places in the cell • The human tailbone is a fusion of multiple vertebrae • When the bicep muscle contracts, it pulls on tendons and ligaments which move the lower arm

  4. Homeostasis • Maintaining a stable internal environment • Organ systems function to maintain homeostasis • Examples?

  5. Homeostasis • Homeostatic mechanisms work by: • Having a set point (normal, balanced) • Receptors in the body detect deviations or stimulus • Increase or decrease past the set point • Trigger a set of events to bring the situation back to normal

  6. Blood Sugar Regulation

  7. Homeostasis • NEGATIVE FEEDBACK – Correction occurs opposite direction of stimulus • Examples: • Body temp rises; cooling mechanisms activated • Body temp drops; heating mechanisms activated • Other examples?

  8. Homeostasis • POSITIVE FEEDBACK - Stimulus amplifies response in the same direction • Examples: • Chemicals present in a blood clot lead to more clotting • A baby drinking mother’s milk causes more milk production • Pressure in the uterus during childbirth leads to stronger contractions

  9. Homeostasis • VITAL SIGNS • A measure of homeostasis • Indicate that someone is alive • What is measured in a test of vital signs?

  10. Organization of the Body • Lots of vocabulary to describe the body • Why? • Allows doctors to communicate as clearly as possible • Which would you rather hear as a surgeon? • “It hurts in the left upper side of my chest.” • “I’m having pain in the left lateral pleural cavity, superior to the heart.”

  11. Organization of the Body • Many body cavities lined by membranes PARIETAL – lines body cavity VISCERAL – covers organ

  12. Organization of the Body • Always refer to body in ANATOMICAL POSITION • Face forward • Palms forward • Note: Right and left refer to the patient

  13. Organization of the Body • To observe different sections, we cut the body along various imaginary planes • SAGITTAL (median) • FRONTAL (coronal) • TRANSVERSE (horizontal)

  14. Organization of the Body

  15. What does this mean? The lesion is located in the right thorax just lateral to the mid-sagittal plane.

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