The Applications of Nano Materials

1. The Applications of Nano Materials Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering San Jose State University Zhen Guo, Ph. D.

2. Final Review • Traditional theme mainstreaming materials science for last 5000+ years Part I Basic Materials Science Principles Microstructure Materials Properties Applications Processing Part II Part III

3. Fundamentals of • Nano Material Science • Session II: Atomic Structure/Quantum Mechanics • Session III: Bonding / Band Structures • Session IV: Computational Nano Materials Science • Session V: Surface / Interface Properties

4. Quantum Mechanics • Duality of Light – Photoelectric Effect • Duality of Electrons • De Broglie Relations • Diffraction: Young’s double split / Bragg’s law • Schrödinger Equation • 1-D free electrons • 1-D, 3-D infinite well / Potential Box • Hydrogen and Helium Atoms

5. Quantum Mechanics (Cont’d) • Atomic Structure and Periodical Table • Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund’s Role • Bohr’s Model • Quantum numbers and energy level • Uncertainty Principle • Fourier Transformation between Position and momentum • Conjugate Operators. • Reciprocal Lattice

6. Bonding and Band Structure • Atomic Bonding • Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals • H2 Molecular • Multi atom molecular • Band Structure in solids – many atom system • Band structure for semiconductor and metals • Band structure for Nano materials (CNT, C60) • Bonding Type – different bonding types. • Covalent, Metallic, Ionic, and Hydrogen Bonding

7. Surface and Interface • Crystal Lattice – Atomic Plane and Direction • Miller Index, Inter layer distance, atomic density • FCC, BCC, Diamond structure, lattice parameter • Surface Energy • Source -- Difference between bulk and surface • Least surface energy plane. • Wolfe Structure and crystal facets • Thermodynamics and Kinetics • Critical Nucleus, melting point verse particle size • Physical and chemical absorpion • Young’s equation, contact angle, wetting condition

8. Bonding and Band Structure • Atomic Bonding • Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals • H2 Molecular • Multi atom molecular • Band Structure in solids – many atom system • Band structure for semiconductor and metals • Band structure for Nano materials (CNT, C60) • Bonding Type – different bonding types. • Covalent, Metallic, Ionic, and Hydrogen Bonding

9. Surface and Interface • Crystal Lattice – Atomic Plane and Direction • Miller Index, Inter layer distance, atomic density • FCC, BCC, Diamond structure, lattice parameter • Surface Energy • Source -- Difference between bulk and surface • Least surface energy plane. • Wolfe Structure and crystal facets • Thermodynamics and Kinetics • Critical Nucleus, melting point verse particle size • Physical and chemical absorpion • Young’s equation, contact angle, wetting condition

10. Technology and Characterization • of Nano Material Science • Session VI: Nano Technology: Bottom Up Approach • Session VII: Nano Technology: Top Down Approach • Session VIII: Nano Material Characterization

11. Nano Technology – Bottom Up Approaches • Nano metallic particle synthesis • Nano semiconductor materials synthesis • Carbon based nano structure synthesis • Self assembly nano materials Challenge: The control of nano particle sizes, distributions and their locations

12. Nano Technology – Top Down Approaches • Thin Film Growth Mechanisms • Homo-Epitaxy: Step Propagation, 2-D island and multilayer growth • Hetero-Epitaxy: Frank-Van de Merve model, Volmer-Weber Model and Stranski-Krastanov Model • Thin Film Deposition Methods • PVD / CVD / ALD / MOCVD • Nano Lithography • Nano imprint Litho (NIL), AFM based, Nano array Litho

13. Nano Technology – Nano Material Characterization • Reciprocal Lattice • Calculate reciprocal lattice of SC, BCC, FCC • Diffraction • Bragg’s Law • Incident Beam wavelength verse resolution • Ewald’s Sphere • Characterization of Nano materials • Nano materials reciprocal lattice • Principle of peak broadening and grain size measurement through X-ray

14. The Applications of Nano Materials Electronics Magnetic Device Structure Nano Materials Applications Daily Life consumable Optics Renewable Energy MEMS Bio Device

15. Nano Structural Materials • Stress and Strain • Definition of engineering and true stress and strain • Typical Stress / strain curve for different materials • Interpretation of Stress-strain curve: • Elasticity and Young’s Modulus • Plasticity, Yield strength and Ultimate Strength • Work Hardening and necking • Total Elongation and work done • Microstructure Evolution during tensile test

16. Nano Structural Materials (Con’d) • Grain Refinement for structural materials • Hall – Petch Relations • Ductile – Brittle Transition • Strength and toughness trade-off and the effect of grain refinement • Nano Structural Materials • Inverse Hall -- Patch Equation • Dominant deformation mechanism changed for different grain size for Nano materials from intra grain to inter grain • Dislocation interaction mechanism

17. Nano Electronic Materials • MOSFET Principles • MOSFET Band Structure • Accumulation, Depletion and Inversion Region • Tunneling effect and current limination of scaling • Single Electron Transistor • Coulomb Blockade phenomena • Necessary condition for single electron box • Principles and conditions for single electron transistor • Fabrication Methods for SET • Other devices – Spintronics, FE-MRM