1. Classification IB BIO I Van Roekel

2. BILL • Using your cellular phones/devices, what are the scientific names of the common house cat and domesticated dogs? Wolf and lion? • House cat – Feliscatus • Dog – Canisfamiliaris • Wolf – Canis lupus • Lion – Pantheroleo

3. Classification • Use binomial nomenclature to name and classify organisms • 1st word refers to the genus (always capitalized), 2nd word to the species (always lower case), i.e. Homo Sapiens. • Carolus (Carl) Linnaeus consolidated and popularized binomial nomenclature in book SystemaNaturae (The Natural World, 1735) • Reasons: • Make sense of biosphere • Identify unknown organisms • Show evolutionary links • Predict characteristics shared by members of a group

4. Hierarchy of classification • Five Kingdoms • Kingdom Plantae (plants) • Kingdom Animalia (animals) • Kingdom Fungi (fungi and molds) • Kingdom Protoctista (protozoa and algae) • Kingdom Prokaryote (bacteria)

5. Hierarchy of Classification • Within each kingdom, there are several subdivisions, called taxa • Seven-level hierarchy of taxa: • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species • King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup

6. Examples

7. Other Means of Classification • Feeding Habits (carnivore/herbivore) • Habitat (land dwelling/aquatic) • Daily activity (nocturnal/diurnal) • Risk (harmless/venomous) • Anatomy (vertebrates/invertebrates) • System of classification must be clear, consistent, easily implemented and a general consensus to apply it.

8. Plant Phyla • Four of the several types of plant phyla include: • Bryophyta: short in stature such as moss • Filicinophyta: ferns and horsetails • Coniferophyta: coniferous, pine trees cedar, juniper, fir • Angiospermophyta: all plants that make flowers and have seeds surrounded by fruit

10. Distinguish plant phylas • Vegetative Characteristics such as leave types and stems • Bryophytes: non-vascular, lack vascular transport tissue such as xylem or phloem • Filicinophyta: vascular plants, small leaves • Conifers: vascular, all produce woody stems and leaves are needles or scales • Angiosperms: vascular and have flowers and fruit

11. Distinguish plant phylas • Reproductive characteristics • Bryophytes: produce spores (microscopic reproductive structures) transported by rain water • Filicinophytes: produce using spores in a similar manner • Conifer: use wind to help reproduce by pollination, produce seed cones with seed scales • Angiosperms: produce seeds, rely on birds, insects, and mammals to transport pollen. Sexual organ is flower, fruit is enlarged ovary

13. Animal Phyla • Six of many animal phyla include: • Proifera: sponges • Cnidaria: sea jellies (jellyfish), coral polyps, and others • Platyhelminthes: flatworms • Annelida: segmented worms • Mollusca: snails, clams, octopi, etc… • Arthropoda: insects, spiders, crustaceans, etc… • All listed phyla are invertebrates

14. Details • Porifera: • Simple marina animals that are sessile (stuck) • Feed by pumping water through tissues and filtering out food • No muscle, nerve tissues, or internal organs

15. Details • Cnidaria: • Very Diverse: Coaral, sea anamones, jellyfish, hydra, Portuguese man-of-war • All have stinging cells called nematocysts • Some sessile, some free swimming, some both • Gastric pouch for digestion

16. Details • Platyhelminthes: • Flatworms with one body cavity, gut with one opening for food to enter and waste to leave • No heart, no lungs • Exchange gas by diffusion • Example: Tapeworms

17. Details • Annelida: • Segmented worms such as earthworms, leeches, and polychaetes • Bodies divided into sections separated by rings • Have gastric tracts, w/ mouth at one end and anus at opposite

18. Details • Mollusca: • Aquatic animals, snails, clams, octopi • Shell produced with calcium • Non-segmented bodies

19. Details • Arthropoda: • Hard exoskeleton made with chitin, segmented bodies, and limbs (walking, swimming, eating) • Insects, spiders, scorpions, crustaceans such as crab and shrimp • Live in most habitats throughout world • Vary in size

20. Dichotomous Key • Used to help identify which order, genus, and species an organism is by using observable characteristics • In General: • Look at first section of key which has a pair of sentences • Look at the organism to see if particular characteristics are present • If answer is yes, to go end of line/next section that contain a new pair of statements to examine • If answer is no, go to second statement just below it and follow that one, should it be true • Continue this until the end of the line has a name, not a number and if each question was answered correctly, should be your organism. • Example in book, pg. 149

21. 1. a. Organism is living........................................................go to 4. • 1. b. Organism is nonliving..................................................go to 2. • 2. a. Object is metallic........................................................go to 3. • 2. b. Object is nonmetallic..................................................ROCK. • 3. a. Object has wheels......................................................BICYCLE. • 3. b. Object does not have wheels......................................TIN CAN. • 4. a. Organism is microscopic...................................PARAMECIUM. • 4. b. Organism is macroscopic............................................go to 5. • 5. a. Organism is a plant.....................................................go to 6. • 5. b. Organism is an animal.................................................go to 8. • 6. a. Plant has a woody stem..............................................go to 7. • 6. b. Plant has a herbaceous stem.................................DANDELION. • 7. a. Tree has needle like leaves.....................................PINE TREE. • 7. b. Tree has broad leaves............................................OAK TREE. • 8. a. Organism lives on land................................................go to 9. • 8. b. Organism lives in water...............................................CLAM. • 9. a. Organism has 4 legs or fewer......................................go to 10. • 9. b. Organism has more than 4 legs...................................ANT. • 10 a. Organism has fur........................................................go to 11. • 10 b. Organism has feathers................................................ROBIN. • 11 a. Organism has hooves.................................................DEER. • 11 b. Organism has no hooves............................................MOUSE.

22. Dichotomous Key • Vocabulary can be challenging and technical • Make sure using the right key, no key can identify all the species • Making a Dichotomous Key • Start by putting things in groups by identical characteristics • Invent statements that divide things into created groups

23. Dichotomous Key • Read pages 148 and 149 on dichotomous keys • Complete dichotomous key activity • Using 10 different objects in the room, design a dichotomous key. • 10-15 minutes to read, 15-20 minutes to create dichotomous key, 10 minutes to share.