Lifespan Development: Key Concepts in Psychology

Step Up To: Discovering Psychologyby John J. Schulte, Psy.D. From: Hockenbury & Hockenbury Discovering Psychology 4e Worth Publishers (2007)

Chapter 9: Lifespan Development Rock ‘n Roll Early Beginnings All Grown Up Designer Genes Words of Wisdom

Designer Genes 500 400 300 200 100

Early Beginnings 500 400 300 200 100

Rock ‘n Roll 500 400 300 200 100

All Grown Up 500 400 300 200 100

Words of Wisdom 500 400 300 200 100

1. A single human zygote has: • A) 23 chromosomes. • B) 46 chromosomes. • C) 23 genes. • D) 46 genes.

2. In which order do the three phases of prenatal development take place? • A) embryonic, fetal, germinal • B) zygotic, fetal, embryonic • C) fertile, fetal, terminal • D) germinal, embryonic, fetal

3. A person’s phenotype is the result of: • A) the interaction of genetics and environmental factors. • B) genotypes from both parents. • C) dominant genetic traits. • D) alleles that are active during the zygotic period.

Teratogens are: • A) recessive genes that result in birth defects. • B) microorganisms that can cause mutations in normal development. • C) toxic agents that can cause defects in an embryo or fetus. • D) alleles that react negatively to the environment.

5. A person’s genotype can be accurately compared to a: • A) map of prenatal development. • B) blueprint for our development. • C) cookbook for building proteins. • D) history book of family phenotypes.

6. Touching a newborn’s cheek can cause it to turn its head toward the source of the touch and open its mouth. This is called the ____ reflex. • A) sucking • B) rooting • C) grasping • D) nuzzling

7. An insecurely attached infant is: • A) less likely to explore the environment, even when the mother is present. • B) less likely to explore the environment, except when the mother is present. • C) more likely to explore the environment regardless of who is present. • D) is more strongly attached to his/her parent.

8. Motherese is: • A) ineffective mothering. • B) common mothering behavior. • C) infant-directed speech. • D) communication between mothers.

9. Object permanence occurs by the end of the ____ stage. • A) concrete operational • B) preoperational • C) formal operational • D) sensorimotor

10. According to Vygotsky, the zone of proximal development is: • A) the test of object permanence in babies. • B) the reaction to the Strange Situation. • C) the intermediary stage between concrete and formal operational stages. • D) the gap between what children can accomplish on their own and what they can accomplish with others more competent.

11. An adolescent’s occasional impulsive and immature behavior is at least partly a reflection of the last brain area to mature, the ____: • A) pre-frontal cortex. • B) temporal lobe. • C) parietal lobe. • D) occipital lobes.

12. Changes in height, weight, body hair, voice changes, and in girls, breast development, that happen in adolescence are called: • A) menarche. • B) puberty. • C) secondary sex characteristics. • D) primary sex characteristics.

13. According to Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development, adolescents must deal with the psychosocial conflict of: • A) intimacy vs. isolation. • B) identity vs. role confusion. • C) industry vs. inferiority. • D) initiative vs. guilt.

14. In Erikson’s theory, before an adolescent arrives at an integrated identity, there is a time during which he/she experiments with different roles, values and beliefs, called: • A) juvenile delinquency. • B) a moratorium period. • C) role confusion. • D) puberty.

15. Due to changes in health and nutrition over the past 150 years, the average age of menarche in the United States has changed from: • A) 16 years to 14 years. • B) 18 years to 15 years. • C) 17 years to 12 years. • D) 16 years to 11 years.

16. During middle adulthood, the primary psychosocial task is to: • A) experiment with different roles. • B) review his or her life to find meaningfulness. • C) establish lasting and meaningful relationships. • D) contribute to future generations.

17. When children leave home, their parents: • A) usually end up in divorce. • B) show increased marital satisfaction. • C) become depressed. • D) most often change their jobs.

18. Compared to couples in the 1960’s, the average age of first marriages today is: • A) older for females and younger for males. • B) younger for both males and females. • C) older for both males and females. • D) older for males and younger for females.

19. Menopause usually occurs during a woman’s: • A) late 30’s to early 50’s. • B) early 40’s to late 50’s. • C) early 50’s to late 60’s. • D) late 40’s to early 60’s.

20. With regards to finding a mate, people tend to: • A) be attracted to those of opposite values and beliefs. • B) be attracted to those most like themselves. • C) be attracted to those most approved of by their parents. • D) be attracted to those most likely to be successful and wealthy.

21. In the U.S., most adults over the age of 65: • A) live in nursing homes. • B) live with relatives. • C) live in senior citizen communities. • D) live in their own homes.

22. According to the activity theory of aging: • A) activity has a gradual decline in late adulthood. • B) activity level declines with a decline in life satisfaction. • C) activity remains higher in married couples. • D) life satisfaction is highest when you maintain your previous level of activity.

23. According to Erik Erikson’s stages, an elderly person much reach the level of ____ or the result is ____. • A) generativity; stagnation. • B) ego integrity; despair. • C) wisdom; anxiety. • D) intimacy; isolation.

24: The most recommended parenting style, in which parents set clear standards for their children’s behavior but are also responsive to their children’s wishes, is: • A) permissive parenting. • B) authoritarian parenting. • C) authoritative parenting. • D) induction parenting.

25. According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, dying individuals go through five stages, including all of the following except: • A) depression. • B) denial. • C) bargaining. • D) shock.

Congratulations!

Answers Stop here, or continue as a review

1. A single human zygote has: • A) 23 chromosomes. • B) 46 chromosomes. • C) 23 genes. • D) 46 genes. 352

2. In which order do the three phases of prenatal development take place? • A) embryonic, fetal, germinal • B) zygotic, fetal, embryonic • C) fertile, fetal, terminal • D) germinal, embryonic, fetal 355

3. A person’s phenotype is the result of: • A) the interaction of genetics and environmental factors. • B) genotypes from both parents. • C) dominant genetic traits. • D) alleles that are active during the zygotic period. 354

Teratogens are: • A) recessive genes that result in birth defects. • B) microorganisms that can cause mutations in normal development. • C) toxic agents that can cause defects in an embryo or fetus. • D) alleles that react negatively to the environment. 356

5. A person’s genotype can be accurately compared to a: • A) map of prenatal development. • B) blueprint for our development. • C) cookbook for building proteins. • D) history book of family phenotypes. 354

6. Touching a newborn’s cheek can cause it to turn its head toward the source of the touch and open its mouth. This is called the ____ reflex. • A) sucking • B) rooting • C) grasping • D) nuzzling 357

7. An insecurely attached infant is: • A) less likely to explore the environment, even when the mother is present. • B) less likely to explore the environment, except when the mother is present. • C) more likely to explore the environment regardless of who is present. • D) is more strongly attached to his/her parent. 361

8. Motherese is: • A) ineffective mothering. • B) common mothering behavior. • C) infant-directed speech. • D) communication between mothers. 363

9. Object permanence occurs by the end of the ____ stage. • A) concrete operational • B) preoperational • C) formal operational • D) sensorimotor 369

10. According to Vygotsky, the zone of proximal development is: • A) the test of object permanence in babies. • B) the reaction to the Strange Situation. • C) the intermediary stage between concrete and formal operational stages. • D) the gap between what children can accomplish on their own and what they can accomplish with others more competent. 373

11. An adolescent’s occasional impulsive and immature behavior is at least partly a reflection of the last brain area to mature, the ____: • A) pre-frontal cortex. • B) temporal lobe. • C) parietal lobe. • D) occipital lobes. 377

12. Changes in height, weight, body hair, voice changes, and in girls, breast development, that happen in adolescence are called: • A) menarche. • B) puberty. • C) secondary sex characteristics. • D) primary sex characteristics. 375

13. According to Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development, adolescents must deal with the psychosocial conflict of: • A) intimacy vs. isolation. • B) identity vs. role confusion. • C) industry vs. inferiority. • D) initiative vs. guilt. 381

14. In Erikson’s theory, before an adolescent arrives at an integrated identity, there is a time during which he/she experiments with different roles, values and beliefs, called: • A) juvenile delinquency. • B) a moratorium period. • C) role confusion. • D) puberty. 380

15. Due to changes in health and nutrition over the past 150 years, the average age of menarche in the United States has changed from: • A) 16 years to 14 years. • B) 18 years to 15 years. • C) 17 years to 12 years. • D) 16 years to 11 years. 376

16. During middle adulthood, the primary psychosocial task is to: • A) experiment with different roles. • B) review his or her life to find meaningfulness. • C) establish lasting and meaningful relationships. • D) contribute to future generations. 382

Lifespan Development: Key Concepts in Psychology

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