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Essential Guide to Writing Footnotes and Bibliographies for Essays

This comprehensive guide provides clear instructions for writing footnotes and bibliographies for essays. It details how to properly cite books, including single authors and multiple authors, as well as how to reference internet sites and articles from online newspapers. With examples for each citation type, including abbreviated titles and formats for various sources, this resource will enhance your academic writing skills. Additionally, it covers footnoting techniques to ensure your work adheres to academic standards.

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Essential Guide to Writing Footnotes and Bibliographies for Essays

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  1. LA 8: The Essay Writing Footnotes and a Bibliography

  2. Writing a Bibliography - Book • Book by a Single Author: • Last Name, First Name and Initial (if given). Title. City (and state/province if needed for clarity): Publisher (shortened form), Year. • Eg. Frye, Northrup. Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1957.

  3. Writing a Bibliography - Book Cont’d • Book by Two or More Authors (Keep the same order of authors as on the book’s title page.) • Last Name, First Name & Initial (if given), and First Name Last Name. Title. Edition. City: Publisher, Year. • Stewart, Kay L., Chris J. Bullock, and Marian E. Allen. Essay Writing for Canadian Students. 5th ed. • Scarborough: Pearson, 2003.

  4. Writing a Bibliography – Internet Sites • Citing an Entire Internet Site • Title of Site. Editor’s name (if given). Publication Date or Latest Update. Date of Access <URL address>. • OneWorld.net. 17 July 2003 <http://www.oneworld.net/article/frontpage/10/3>.

  5. Writing a Bibliography – Part of an internet site. • Article in an Online Newspaper (author listed) • Author/s names. “Title of Article.” Name of Periodical Full Publication Date. Date of Access <URL address>. • Gonsalves, Sean. “Understanding Islam and Terrorism.” AlterNet.org 1 July 2003. <http://www.alternet.org/story.html?StoryID=16287>.

  6. Writing a Footnote • Author’s first initial, author’s last name. Title of book (underlined or in italics), year of publication: page number. • Eg. J.K. Rowling,Harry Potter and the Six Foot Giant, (2000): 48-50.

  7. Writing a footnote from the same source as an earlier footnote. • Author’s last name, ABBREVIATED title of book underlined or italicized page number. • Eg. • 1. J.K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Six Foot Giant, (2000): 48-50. • 2. Rowling, Harry Potter 53.

  8. Footnoting a website article • Author’s name (or Anonymous), title of article in quotations, website name underlined or italicized date of publication <URL>. • Eg. Mary Blake,"Siberian Spring,"National Geographic Apr. 1999 <http://www.natgeog.ca/ca-his.html>. • Eg2. Anon,"The Legacy of the Crusaders,"Journal of Medieval History 6 Apr. 2002 <http://www.jomh.com/bkis/v31-lc.html>.

  9. Repeated Footnotes from the same online source • Author’s last name OR, if anonymous, article’s title. • Eg. 2. Blake. • Eg. 2. "The Legacy of the Crusaders.”

  10. Bibliography • Bell, Stewart. The Martyr's Oath: The Apprenticeship of a Homegrown Terrorist. Mississauga, ON: Wiley, 2005. • Maltin, Leonard. Movie & Video Guide 2002 Edition. New York: New American, 2001. • Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. New York: Scholastic, 1999.

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