CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCES

1. International Conference“50 Years of Education and Awareness Raisingfor Shaping the Future of the Oceans and Coasts”Sharing lessons learned and proposing long-term projections27—30 april, 2010 in Saint Petersburg, Russia CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCES Larissa A. GaykoV.I. Il’ichevPacific Oceanological Institute FEB RAS, Baltiyskaya St., 43, Vladivostok, 690041,Russia, E-mail: gayko@yandex.ru

2. Climate change research is presently actually. Numerous mentions of weather and climate contained even in records of ancient civilizations. Transboundary character of the meteorological phenomena became already obvious in 17 century. The mankind has started to collect regularly the data to reveal any tendencies for forecasting of the future conditions of weather

3. Feature of a current climate is activization of regional and local factors which form a climate. Research of interaction of atmosphere and ocean is very important now. These spheres render a great influence on economy and coast ecology.

4. For a long time interval (more half a century) is necessary to investigate features of climate changes for leveling of possible consequences of climate changes on various areas of economic activities. Results of the analysis of numbers of supervision reveal most weak spots of a coastal zone. Experts can develop the scheme of an estimation of a possible material damage and offer recommendations about its prevention.

5. The average annual temperature of the bottom layer of atmosphere and ocean blanket is used usually for the description of modern climate changes. • The observed changes in the climate system over the past few decades of the 20th Century (e.g., sea level lifting, thawing of glaciers, increase air, ocean and earth crust temperatures), particularly the warmer regional temperatures, have already affected hydrological systems and terrestrial and marine ecosystems in many parts of the world.

6. But the warming reasons remain a subject of sharp scientific discussions. • The Fourth IPCC Assessment Report presented solid evidence of observed global warming trends. Sea level rise, melting of glaciers, increased air, land and ocean temperatures. In the same place it has especially been noticed that the improved scientific researches, monitoring and the climate forecast are key elements for life and property protection.

7. It is known that properties of hydrosphere, the processes occurring in water objects of hydrosphere, interaction with surrounding spheres, are studied by a science a hydrology. The hydrology divided on a hydrology of a land and a sea hydrology – oceanology. Oceanology studies physical processes in the World ocean and its interaction with atmosphere. Properties of atmosphere and physical processes proceeding in it study science meteorology. Geographical section of meteorology is the science climatology which studies various types of climates and their distribution on Globe.

8. Hydrology and meteorology bases are studied in disciplines «the Doctrine about hydrosphere» and «the Doctrine about atmosphere» which is a part of a federal component of a cycle of the general and professional disciplines by preparation of ecologists, and include studying of the basic laws of processes in atmosphere and hydrosphere of the Earth.

9. The ecologist should know about a climate, about the basic methods of studying of water objects, about practical importance of geographical studying of water objects and studying of hydrological processes for the decision of problems of wildlife management, on prospects of climate change as a result of anthropogenic impacts.

10. Researches of the water area in the Peter-the-Great Bay now are carried out by four coastal HMS of Possyet, Gamov, Vladivostok and Nakhodka which have long series of supervisionTable 1. The periods of instrumental observations of hydrometeorological parameters at the coastal HMS of the Peter-the-Great Bay

11. Figure 1. Layout of hydrometeorological stations (HMS) on the aquatorium of Peter the Great Bay: 1 - Possyet, 2 - Gamov, 3 - Vladivostok, 4 - Nakhodka

12. Fig. 2a. Year-to-year fluctuation of water temperature in Peter the Great Bay―― HMS Vladivostok, - - - HMS Possyet, ---- HMS Gamov,  HMS Nakhodka

13. Fig. 2b. Year-to-year fluctuation of air temperature in Peter the Great Bay―― HMS Vladivostok, - - - HMS Possyet, ---- HMS Gamov,  HMS Nakhodka

14. Table 1. Temperature growth for 75 years on hydrometeorological stations of the Peter-the-Great Bay (1934-2008)

15. Table 2. Coefficients of pair correlation between water and air temperaturesfor coastal stations of PrimorskyKray

16. Figure 3. Variability of mean square deviation within the year: a - water temperature, b - air temperature at stations of Peter the Great Bay P - Possyet, G - Gamov, V - Vladivostok, N - Nakhodka

17. Figure 4.Interannual variability of water (a) and air (b) temperature at stations of Peter the Great Bay: P - Possyet, G - Gamov, V -Vladivostok, N - Nakhodka

18. Представляемая работа основана на исследованиях межгодовой изменчивости температурного режима прибрежных районов зал. Петра Великого по данным инструментальных наблюдений на прибрежных гидрометеорологических станциях, изложенных в работах: Гайко Л.А. Особенности гидрометеорологического режима прибрежной зоны залива Петра Великого (Японское море). Владивосток : Дальнаука, 2005. 151 с. Гайко Л.А. Марикультура: прогноз урожайности с учетом воздействия абиотических факторов. Владивосток : Дальнаука, 2006. 204 с.

19. CONCLUSIONS • We recommend special attention to give at studying of the presented disciplines to consideration of features of variability of a climate in concrete region. It will allow the future experts to predict inadvertent and deliberate influences of the person on a climate and their consequences; to expect and count changes of an active surface; to state an estimation of global effects of anthropogenic impacts on a climate in the region.

20. International Conference“50 Years of Education and Awareness Raisingfor Shaping the Future of the Oceans and Coasts”Sharing lessons learned and proposing long-term projections27—30 april, 2010 in Saint Petersburg, Russia Thank you for your attention!