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Physical and Biogeochemical Coupled Modelling

Physical and Biogeochemical Coupled Modelling. Presented by Christel PINAZO Mediterranean University Oceanographic Center of Marseille Physical & Biogeochemical Oceanographic Laboratory.

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Physical and Biogeochemical Coupled Modelling

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  1. Physical and Biogeochemical Coupled Modelling Presented by Christel PINAZO Mediterranean University Oceanographic Center of Marseille Physical & Biogeochemical Oceanographic Laboratory Regional Advanced School on Physical and Mathematical Tools for the study of Marine Processes of Coastal Areas

  2. LECTURE SCHEDULE • Introduction • Why use Coupled Models ? • Historical considerations • Different types of Coupled Models • Box models • Fine grid Models (1D, 2D and 3D) • Different ways of Coupling Models • « Off-line » Coupling • « On-line » Coupling • Examples

  3. LECTURE SCHEDULE • Introduction • Why use Coupled Models ? • Historical considerations • Different types of Coupled Models • Box models • Fine grid Models (1D, 2D and 3D) • Different ways of Coupling Models • « Off-line » Coupling • « On-line » Coupling • Examples

  4. INTRODUCTION WHY USE PHYSICAL AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL COUPLED MODELS TO STUDY ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING? INTRODUCTION > WHY? COUPLING TYPES COUPLING WAYS EXAMPLES Regional Advanced School on Physical and Mathematical Tools for the study of Marine Processes of Coastal Areas

  5. INTRODUCTION A BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL TO DESCRIBE ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING INTRODUCTION > WHY? COUPLING TYPES COUPLING WAYS EXAMPLES Regional Advanced School on Physical and Mathematical Tools for the study of Marine Processes of Coastal Areas

  6. Atmospheric inputs River Inputs Phytoplankton Grazing T° Exudation Uptake Bacteria Zooplankton Grazing Mineralisation Nutrients POM DOM Uptake Faeces Grazing Benthic Fluxes Erosion IRRADIANCE BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL GEOCHEMICAL MODEL Schematic Marine Ecosystem Sediment

  7. INTRODUCTION A PHYSICAL MODEL TO DESCRIBE ECOSYSTEM FORCING CONDITIONS INTRODUCTION > WHY? COUPLING TYPES COUPLING WAYS EXAMPLES Regional Advanced School on Physical and Mathematical Tools for the study of Marine Processes of Coastal Areas

  8. WIND Atmospheric inputs River Inputs Waves Currents Phytoplankton T° Bacteria Zooplankton Nutrients POM DOM Benthic Fluxes Erosion IRRADIANCE PHYSICAL MODEL Tide Schematic Marine Ecosystem Sediment

  9. INTRODUCTION A PHYSICAL AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL COUPLED MODEL IS NEEDED TO DESCRIBE BOTH ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING AND FORCING CONDITIONS INTRODUCTION > WHY? COUPLING TYPES COUPLING WAYS EXAMPLES Regional Advanced School on Physical and Mathematical Tools for the study of Marine Processes of Coastal Areas

  10. LECTURE SCHEDULE • Introduction • Why use Coupled Models ? • Historical considerations • Different types of Coupled Models • Box models • Fine grid Models (1D, 2D and 3D) • Different ways of Coupling Models • « Off-line » Coupling • « On-line » Coupling • Examples

  11. INTRODUCTION Physical and Biogeochemical Coupled Modelling is a Recent Scientific Discipline Developed since the 1990’s INTRODUCTION > HISTORY COUPLING TYPES COUPLING WAYS EXAMPLES Regional Advanced School on Physical and Mathematical Tools for the study of Marine Processes of Coastal Areas

  12. INTRODUCTION BECAUSE Biogeochemical Modelling was Developed since the 1940’s with Riley’s (1946) and Steele’s (1962) Models 1 INTRODUCTION > HISTORY COUPLING TYPES COUPLING WAYS EXAMPLES Regional Advanced School on Physical and Mathematical Tools for the study of Marine Processes of Coastal Areas

  13. PHYTOPLANKTON MODELS Riley’s Model (1946) Photosynthesis Respiration Grazing Phytoplankton Carbon Concentration From Tett & Wilson (2000) Steele’s Model (1962) Phytoplankton Carbon Concentration Photosynthesis depending on light limitation INTRODUCTION > HISTORY COUPLING TYPES COUPLING WAYS EXAMPLES Regional Advanced School on Physical and Mathematical Tools for the study of Marine Processes of Coastal Areas

  14. Phytoplankton Zooplankton Ammonium Bacteria Detritus Nitrate DON N-P-Z-D MODELS Nutrient-Phytoplankton-Zooplankton-Detritus Fasham’s Model (1990) INTRODUCTION > HISTORY COUPLING TYPES COUPLING WAYS EXAMPLES Regional Advanced School on Physical and Mathematical Tools for the study of Marine Processes of Coastal Areas

  15. INTRODUCTION & BECAUSE Hydrodynamical Modelling was Developed since the 1970’s with the development of computers and computing resources 2 INTRODUCTION > HISTORY COUPLING TYPES COUPLING WAYS EXAMPLES Regional Advanced School on Physical and Mathematical Tools for the study of Marine Processes of Coastal Areas

  16. INTRODUCTION POM was created by Blumberg in late 1970’s Blumberg & Yamada (1974) Blumberg & Mellor (1980)

  17. INTRODUCTION THUS First coupled Models appeared in the 1980’s Cloern & Cheng (1981) 1DH (Phytopk) Klein & Coste (1984) 1DV (Nutrients) Klein & Steele (1985) 1DV (N-P) 3 INTRODUCTION > HISTORY COUPLING TYPES COUPLING WAYS EXAMPLES Regional Advanced School on Physical and Mathematical Tools for the study of Marine Processes of Coastal Areas

  18. INTRODUCTION First 3D coupled Models appeared in the 1990’s Sarmiento et al. (1993) (Fasham’s model) Buckley and O’Kane (1993) (GHER model) Skogen et al. (1995) (NORWECOM model) Six and Maier-Reimer (1996) (HAMOCC model) Pinazo et al. (1996) (ECO3M model) INTRODUCTION > HISTORY COUPLING TYPES COUPLING WAYS EXAMPLES Regional Advanced School on Physical and Mathematical Tools for the study of Marine Processes of Coastal Areas

  19. LECTURE SCHEDULE • Introduction • Why use Coupled Models ? • Historical considerations • Different types of Coupled Models • Box models • Fine grid Models (1D, 2D and 3D) • Different ways of Coupling Models • « Off-line » Coupling • « On-line » Coupling • Examples

  20. FORCING NO FEED BACK COUPLING OR FORCING?THAT IS THE QUESTION! Hydrodynamic Model Ecological Model FORCING INTRODUCTIONCOUPLING TYPES COUPLING WAYS EXAMPLES Regional Advanced School on Physical and Mathematical Tools for the study of Marine Processes of Coastal Areas

  21. LECTURE SCHEDULE • Introduction • Why use Coupled Models ? • Historical considerations • Different types of Coupled Models • Box models • Fine grid Models (1D, 2D and 3D) • Different ways of Coupling Models • « Off-line » Coupling • « On-line » Coupling • Examples

  22. COUPLING TYPES THE STUDY SITE COULD BE SPATIALLY DESCRIBED BY BOXES INTRODUCTION COUPLING TYPES>BOX COUPLING WAYS EXAMPLES Regional Advanced School on Physical and Mathematical Tools for the study of Marine Processes of Coastal Areas

  23. h z=0 z y z=-h O x SEDIMENT BOX MODEL VERTICALLY HOMOGENEOUS Velocity = INTRODUCTION COUPLING TYPES>BOX COUPLING WAYS EXAMPLES Regional Advanced School on Physical and Mathematical Tools for the study of Marine Processes of Coastal Areas

  24. CONSERVATION LAWS • TO CALCULATE ADVECTION • OF BIOGEOCHEMICAL SUBSTANCES : • FLUID MASS CONSERVATION = CONTINUITY EQUATION • SUBSTANCE MASS CONSERVATION INTRODUCTION COUPLING TYPES>BOX COUPLING WAYS EXAMPLES Regional Advanced School on Physical and Mathematical Tools for the study of Marine Processes of Coastal Areas

  25. CONSERVATION LAWS FLUID MASS CONSERVATION = CONTINUITY EQUATION In case of incompressible fluids Density is constant INTRODUCTION COUPLING TYPES>BOX COUPLING WAYS EXAMPLES Regional Advanced School on Physical and Mathematical Tools for the study of Marine Processes of Coastal Areas

  26. h z=0 z y z=-h O x SEDIMENT BOX MODEL Along Ox axis INTRODUCTION COUPLING TYPES>BOX COUPLING WAYS EXAMPLES Regional Advanced School on Physical and Mathematical Tools for the study of Marine Processes of Coastal Areas

  27. h z=0 z y z=-h O x SEDIMENT BOX MODEL Along Ox axis INTRODUCTION COUPLING TYPES>BOX COUPLING WAYS EXAMPLES Regional Advanced School on Physical and Mathematical Tools for the study of Marine Processes of Coastal Areas

  28. CONSERVATION LAWS FLUID MASS CONSERVATION = CONTINUITY EQUATION In case of incompressible fluids is constant Boundary conditions along Oz axis: INTRODUCTION COUPLING TYPES>BOX COUPLING WAYS EXAMPLES Regional Advanced School on Physical and Mathematical Tools for the study of Marine Processes of Coastal Areas

  29. CONSERVATION LAWS FLUID MASS CONSERVATION = CONTINUITY EQUATION In case of incompressible fluids is constant INTRODUCTION COUPLING TYPES>BOX COUPLING WAYS EXAMPLES Regional Advanced School on Physical and Mathematical Tools for the study of Marine Processes of Coastal Areas

  30. CONSERVATION LAWS SUBSTANCE MASS CONSERVATION = STATE EQUATION C is the concentration of the substance INTRODUCTION COUPLING TYPES>BOX COUPLING WAYS EXAMPLES Regional Advanced School on Physical and Mathematical Tools for the study of Marine Processes of Coastal Areas

  31. h z=0 z y z=-h O x SEDIMENT BOX MODEL Along Ox axis Dz Dy INTRODUCTION COUPLING TYPES>BOX COUPLING WAYS EXAMPLES Regional Advanced School on Physical and Mathematical Tools for the study of Marine Processes of Coastal Areas

  32. CONSERVATION LAWS SUBSTANCE MASS CONSERVATION = STATE EQUATION C is the concentration of the substance with And at the surface at the bottom INTRODUCTION COUPLING TYPES>BOX COUPLING WAYS EXAMPLES Regional Advanced School on Physical and Mathematical Tools for the study of Marine Processes of Coastal Areas

  33. BOX MODEL If C is the concentration of a biologic substance, C is not conservative Concentration Trend term= Sources – Sinks INTRODUCTION COUPLING TYPES>BOX COUPLING WAYS EXAMPLES Regional Advanced School on Physical and Mathematical Tools for the study of Marine Processes of Coastal Areas

  34. COUPLING TYPES BOX MODEL • ADVANTAGES: • SHORT COMPUTATIONAL TIME • VERY LONG SIMULATION OF YEARS OR DECADES • DISADVANTAGES: • MAINLY ADVECTIVE TRANSPORT: Paul Tett TRIED TO ADD VERTICAL EDDY DIFFUSIVITY THROUGH 3 VERTICAL LAYERS • ROUGH SPATIAL DESCRIPTION • NUMERICAL HORIZONTAL DIFFUSIVITY INTRODUCTION COUPLING TYPES>BOX COUPLING WAYS EXAMPLES Regional Advanced School on Physical and Mathematical Tools for the study of Marine Processes of Coastal Areas

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