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Analyze the anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system.

Unit P: The Endocrine System. Analyze the anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system. The structures of the Endocrine system include:. Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid glands Thymus gland Adrenal glands Gonads Pancreas Pineal- small pinecone shaped gland in the brain

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Analyze the anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system.

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  1. Unit P: The Endocrine System Analyze the anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system.

  2. The structures of the Endocrine system include: • Pituitary gland • Thyroid gland • Parathyroid glands • Thymus gland • Adrenal glands • Gonads • Pancreas • Pineal- small pinecone shaped gland in the brain People that pretend they are good- probably perish.

  3. Endocrine System http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/endocrorgs.gif

  4. ENDOCRINE GLANDS • Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into our blood- this means the glands are ductless, unlike our exocrine glands!

  5. EXOCRINE GLANDS • Exocrine glands must use a duct to transport secretions to a body surface or organ. Example= sweat, salivary, lacrimal and pancreas http://medinfo.ufl.edu/pa/chuck/summer/handouts/images/ducts.jpg

  6. Function of the Endocrine System Is to secrete hormones. • Hormones are chemical messengers that coordinate & direct target cells and organs.

  7. Hormonal Control NEGATIVE FEEDBACK -Drop in hormone level triggers a chain reaction to increase secretion, for example -Blood level of hormone falls -Brain gets message & sends out hormone to stimulate gland -Gland stimulates more hormone http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/negfeedback.gif

  8. Nervous Control – in some cases, the sympathetic nervous system causes direct release of a hormone from a particular gland (for example, when stress causes the adrenal medulla to secrete adrenalin) http://www.njurology.com/_roboticsurgery/_pics/adrenal.jpg

  9. PITUITARY GLAND • The pituitary gland is a tiny structure the size of a grape. • Located at the base of the brain • Connected to the hypothalamus • Divided into anterior and posterior lobes • The “Master Gland” http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/illus/ilt/T012393A.gif

  10. Anterior Pituitary Lobe GROWTH HORMONE - GH (SOMATOTROPIN) • responsible for growth and development • PROLACTIN • develops breast tissue, • stimulates production of milk after childbirth THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE –TSH – secreted by the pituitary but acts on the thyroid gland by stimulating thyroxine production to increase your metabolism.

  11. ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE – ACTH – stimulates adrenal cortex • FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE – FSH -stimulates growth of the graafian follicle(ovary) and the production of estrogen in females. It also deals with the production of sperm in males. • LUTEINIZING HORMONE – LH – stimulates ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone in females. • Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone-needed for testosterone production in men.

  12. Posterior Pituitary Lobe • VASOPRESSIN – converts to ADH (antidiuretic hormone) in the bloodstream, acts on the kidney to concentrate urine and preserve H2O in the body. • OXYTOCIN – released during childbirth causing contractions of the uterus

  13. Thyroid gland • Butterfly-shaped mass of tissue • On either side of the larynx, over trachea • H-shaped • Main hormone – THYROXINE – is controlled by the secretion of TSH • Thyroxine controls the rate of your metabolism ( cellular metabolism) • CALCITONIN – controls calcium ion concentration in the body, prevents hypercalcemia THYROID GLAND www.merck.com

  14. PARATHYROID GLANDS -Four glands, each the size of a grain of rice -Attached to posterior thyroid -Produce PARATHORMONE which helps control blood calcium level, prevents hypocalcemia http://www.daviddarling.info/images/thyroid_parathyroid.jpg

  15. The thymus gland is considered to be a endocrine gland and a lymphatic organ. • Located behind the sternum, above and in front of the heart • Begins to disappear at puberty- the thymus gland produces t-cells that help build immunity to certain disease. THYMUS http://www.becomehealthynow.com/images/organs/lymphatic_immune/thymus1.jpg

  16. ADRENAL GLANDS • Located on top of each kidney. • Adrenal cortex secretes hormones known as corticoids – they act like anti-inflammatory drugs in your body. • They are: mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids, and sex hormones http://tuberose.com/Graphics/adrenal.jpg

  17. ANDROGENS are male sex hormones • Adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine (adrenalin) and norepinephrine in response to stress. • ADRENALIN is a powerful cardiac stimulant – “fight or flight” hormones that prepare the body for an emergency situation!!!

  18. GONADSThe sex glandsOvaries in the femaleTestes in the male

  19. Ovary in female secrete: • Estrogen – development of female reproductive organs, secondary sex characteristics • Progesterone – plays a part in the menstrual cycle • Testes in male secrete: • Testosterone – male reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics GONADS

  20. Female Male http://www.eurohealth.ie/cancom/img/int-o.jpg http://library.thinkquest.org/19347/media/maler.jpg

  21. PANCREAS • The pancreas is located behind the stomach in the abdominal cavity. • Endocrine and exocrine functions • Involved in the production of INSULIN • the endocrine portion is called the… ISLETS OF LANGERHANS • Insulin – promotes utilization of glucose by the cells, fatty acid and amino acid transport, and facilitates protein synthesis http://www.rajeun.net/diabetes-pancreas.gif

  22. Pineal Gland • The pineal gland is a small endocrine gland in the brain. It produces the melatonin, a hormone that affects the wake/sleep patterns. Its shape resembles a tiny pine cone and it is located near the center of the brain, between the two hemispheres.

  23. What is Melatonin • Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in the brain. It helps regulate other hormones and maintains the body's circadian rhythm. The circadian rhythm is an internal 24-hour clock that plays a critical role in when we fall asleep and when we wake up.

  24. Other Hormones • PROSTAGLANDINSare secreted by various tissues in the body. Their activity depends on which tissue secretes them. Some can cause constriction of blood vessels or muscle contractions. Some prostaglandins are effective in inducing labor.

  25. STUDY STUDY STUDY DON’T WAIT. You have a test very soon!!

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