1 / 37

The SuperCable: Dual Delivery of Chemical and Electric Power

The SuperCable: Dual Delivery of Chemical and Electric Power. Paul M. Grant EPRI Science Fellow ( retired ) IBM Research Staff Member Emeritus Principal, W2AGZ Technologies w2agz@pacbell.net www.w2agz.com 2004 SuperGrid 2 25 - 27 October 2004, Urbana, Il

yuma
Télécharger la présentation

The SuperCable: Dual Delivery of Chemical and Electric Power

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The SuperCable:Dual Delivery of Chemical and Electric Power Paul M. Grant EPRI Science Fellow (retired) IBM Research Staff Member Emeritus Principal, W2AGZ Technologies w2agz@pacbell.net www.w2agz.com 2004 SuperGrid 2 25 - 27 October 2004, Urbana, Il Technical Plenary Session – Levis Faculty Center -- UIUC Monday, 25 October 2004, 9:30 AM

  2. Zürich, 1986 The Discoveries Leiden, 1914

  3. • • - e e e e • • + + + + e e - - + + + + Superconductivity 101

  4. GLAG

  5. -M Normal Magnetic Field 1/4p HC1 Meissner H HC1 TC Temperature  <  Type I The Flavors of Superconductivity

  6. H Abrikosov Vortex Lattice

  7.  >  Type II -M HC2 Normal Magnetic Field 1/4p Mixed HC1 Meissner H HC1 TC Temperature The Flavors of Superconductivity

  8. H J F F Abrikosov Vortex Lattice

  9.  >  Type II -M HC2 Normal Magnetic Field 1/4p Mixed HC1 Meissner H HC1 TC Temperature The Flavors of Superconductivity NOT PERFECT CONDUCTOR!

  10. H “Pinned” J F F Abrikosov Vortex Lattice

  11. Normal Magnetic Field HC1 Meissner TC Temperature The Flavors of Superconductivity HC2 HC2 Normal R  0 Magnetic Field R = 0 Mixed Mixed HC1 Meissner TC Temperature

  12. E = 1 V/cm No More Ohm’s Law E = aJn n = 15 T = 77 K HTS Gen 1

  13. -M 1/4p H HC1 ac Hysteresis HC2

  14. 164 K High-TC 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 TC vs Year: 1991 - 2001 200 150 Temperature, TC (K) 100 50 MgB2 Low-TC 0 Year

  15. Oxide Powder Mechanically Alloyed Precursor 1. Powder Preparation 2. Billet Packing & Sealing A. Extrusion 3. Deformation C. Rolling & Processing B. Wire Draw 4. Oxidation - Heat Treat HTSC Wire Can Be Made! But it’s 70% silver!

  16. Finished Cable

  17. Reading Assignment • Garwin and Matisoo, 1967 (100 GW on Nb3Sn) • Bartlit, Edeskuty and Hammel, 1972 (LH2, LNG and 1 GW on LTSC) • Haney and Hammond, 1977 (Slush LH2 and Nb3Ge) • Schoenung, Hassenzahl and Grant, 1997 (5 GW on HTSC, 1000 km) • Grant, 2002 (SuperCity, Nukes+LH2+HTSC) • Proceedings, SuperGrid Workshop, 2002 These articles, and much more, can be found at www.w2agz.com, sub-pages SuperGrid/Bibliography

  18. 1967: SC Cable Proposed! 100 GW dc, 1000 km !

  19. +v I I -v H2 H2 H2 H2 Circuit #1 “Hydricity” SuperCables +v I I -v Multiple circuits can be laid in single trench Circuit #2

  20. SuperCable

  21. Electricity PSC = 2|V|IASC, where PSC = Electric power flow V = Voltage to neutral (ground) I = Supercurrent ASC = Cross-sectional area of superconducting annulus Hydrogen PH2 = 2(QρvA)H2, where PH2 = Chemical power flow Q = Gibbs H2 oxidation energy (2.46 eV per mol H2) ρ = H2 Density v = H2 Flow Rate A = Cross-sectional area of H2 cryotube Power Flows

  22. Power Flows: 5 GWe/10 GWth

  23. Radiation Losses WR = 0.5εσ (T4amb – T4SC), where WR = Power radiated in as watts/unit area σ = 5.67×10-12 W/cm2K4 Tamb = 300 K TSC = 20 K ε = 0.05 per inner and outer tube surface DH = 45.3 cm WR = 16.3 W/m Superinsulation: WRf = WR/(n-1), where n = number of layers = 10 Net Heat In-Leak Due to Radiation = 1.8 W/m 

  24. Fluid Friction Losses Wloss = M Ploss /  , Where M = mass flow per unit length Ploss = pressure loss per unit length  = fluid density

  25. Heat Removal dT/dx = WT/(ρvCPA)H2, where dT/dx = Temp rise along cable, K/m WT = Thermal in-leak per unit Length ρ = H2 Density v = H2 Flow Rate CP = H2 Heat Capacity A = Cross-sectional area of H2 cryotube

  26. SuperCable H2 Storage One Raccoon Mountain = 13,800 cubic meters of LH2 LH2 in 45 cm diameter, 12 mile bipolar SuperCable = Raccoon Mountain

  27. H2 Gas at 77 K and 1850 psia has 50% of the energy content of liquid H2 and 100% at 6800 psia

  28. “Hybrid” SuperCable

  29. Electrical Issues • Voltage – current tradeoffs • “Cold” vs “Warm” Dielectric • AC interface (phases) • Generate dc? Multipole, low rpm units (aka hydro) • Ripple suppression • Filters • Cryogenics • Pulse Tubes • “Cryobreaks” • Mag Field Forces • Splices (R = 0?) • Charge/Discharge cycles (Faults!) • Power Electronics • GTOs vs IGBTs • 12” wafer platforms • Cryo-Bipolars

  30. Construction Issues • Pipe Lengths & Diameters (Transportation) • Coax vs RTD • Rigid vs Flexible? • On-Site Manufacturing • Conductor winding (3-4 pipe lengths) • Vacuum: permanently sealed or actively pumped? • Joints • Superconducting • Welds • Thermal Expansion (bellows)

  31. Jumpstarting the SuperGrid • Do it with SuperCables • Focus on the next two decades • Get started with superconducting dc cable interties & back-to-backs using existing ROWs • As “hydrogen economy” expands, parallel/replace existing gas transmission lines with SuperCables • Start digging

  32. Al-Can Gas Pipeline Proposals

  33. Mackenzie Valley Pipeline 1300 km 18 GW-thermal

  34. Electrical Insulation “Super-Insulation” Thermal Barrier to LNG Liquid Nitrogen @ 77 K Superconductor LNG @ 105 K 1 atm (14.7 psia) LNG SuperCable

  35. SuperCable Prototype Project H2 e– Cryo I/C Station H2 Storage SMES 500 m Prototype “Appropriate National Laboratory” 2005-09

  36. Regional System Interconnections

More Related