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Understanding Infectious Diseases: Prevention, Symptoms, and Facts

This resource outlines common infectious diseases, their transmission, symptoms, prevention methods, and treatment options. It covers major infections like Hepatitis B and C, HIV, oral and genital herpes, and sexually transmitted infections like chlamydia and gonorrhea. The guide addresses misconceptions through true or false questions and emphasizes the importance of vaccination and safe practices. By understanding these diseases, individuals can better protect their health and reduce the spread of infections.

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Understanding Infectious Diseases: Prevention, Symptoms, and Facts

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  1. Infectious Diseases

  2. Outline • Who are we? • Common infectious diseases • How to prevent the spread of disease

  3. A Few Questions… True or False: • Hepatitis B is preventable with a vaccine, but there is no cure • If you have Hepatitis C, you will look very sick

  4. A Few Questions True or False: • Oral Herpes has a cure • Chlamydia and gonorrhea are the most common sexually transmitted infections caused by bacteria

  5. A Few Questions… True or False: • Head lice cannot be spread by sharing a hairbrush • Tuberculosis only affects the lungs • HIV and AIDS mean the same thing

  6. Hepatitis • Inflammation of the liver • Bacteria • Alcohol and toxins • Your own immune system • Viruses • Multiple different ones! • Today – Focus on Hep B and C

  7. Hepatitis B Virus • How do you get it? • Blood • Unprotected sexual contact • Sharing needles • During birth if mother infected • Blood transfusion (rare) • Some Symptoms • Nausea and vomiting • Jaundice • Pale feces/dark urine • Pain in upper right part of abdomen • Itching all over the body

  8. Hepatitis B Virus • Half of people show no symptoms • Chronic Hep B – long-term infection • 5-10% of adults with Hep B develop this • Can lead to • Liver scarring • Liver cancer

  9. Hepatitis B Virus • Diagnosis: blood tests • No cure for chronic Hep B • Preventable with a vaccine • Treatment: anti-retroviral drugs

  10. Hepatitis C • How do you get it? • Blood • Unprotected sex • Sharing needles • During birth if mother infected • Blood transfusions (rare) • What are the symptoms? • 80% of people have no symptoms • Symptoms may not show up for over 10-20 years • Similar symptoms to Hep B

  11. Hepatitis C • Diagnosis: blood test • 75% of adults with Hep C develop chronic infection • Chronic Hep C can lead to • Liver scarring • Liver cancer • The cure rate with medication is ~50%

  12. Oral Herpes • How do you get it? • Touching infected saliva or skin • Examples - lips, mouth, nostrils, ears, eyelids, genital area, anus • Symptoms? • Painful sores • Fever and muscle aches • Commonly no symptoms • No cure

  13. Genital Herpes • How do you get it? • Skin-to-skin contact • Sexual intercourse and oral sex • Symptoms • Lesions and ulcers • No cure • Medications to prevent and treat recurrences

  14. Chlamydia and Gonorrhea • How do you get it? • Spread through vaginal, anal or oral sex • Symptoms • Often no symptoms • Discharge, painful urination, fever • Treatment is with antibiotics • Prevention • Limiting sexual partners • safe sex practices

  15. Head Lice • Live on the head and lay eggs • How do you get it? • Direct contact • Sharing hairbrushes • Hats, towels, clothing and bedding

  16. Head Lice • Symptoms • Itchy scalp • See nits in hair • Live lice near scalp • Treatment • Shampoos • Proper cleaning of brushes, clothes and sheets

  17. Scabies • How do you get it? • Direct contact such as sexual relations and handshaking • Towels, clothing, bedding • Symptoms • Small, raised bites • Very itchy • Worse at night

  18. Scabies • Treatment • Topical cream • Wash bedding and clothing

  19. Syphilis • How do you get it? • Sexually transmitted • Direct contact • Symptoms • 6 weeks – ulcer • 6 months – rash, fever, aches • 6 years and longer – affects heart, brain, etc. • Treatment • Antibiotics • Abstain from sex during treatment

  20. Tuberculosis • How do I get it? • Coughing • Sneezing • Talking • Contributing Factors • Immunosuppressed • Diabetes • Alcohol • Injection drug use

  21. Tuberculosis • Lungs infected most often • Symptoms • May have no symptoms • Coughing and chest pain • Fever and chills • Night sweats and weight loss • Diagnosis • Skin test, chest x-ray, labs • Treatment • Multiple antibiotics

  22. HIV • Human immunodeficiency virus • How do you get it? • Sexual activity • Blood transfusions • Needle sharing • Mother to fetus

  23. HIV Stages • Acute viral illness • Clinical latency (average 8 years) • No symptoms • Later symptoms • Fever and chills • Night sweats and weight loss • Herpes infection • Oral thrush – fungal infection • AIDS • Pneumonia • Meningitis • Brain infections • Severe mono infections

  24. HIV • Diagnosis • Blood testing • Treatment • Antiretroviral therapy with multiple medications • Prevention! Avoid: • Needle sharing • Unprotected sex • Get educated!

  25. A Few Questions… True or False: Hepatitis B is preventable with a vaccine, but there is no cure If you have Hepatitis C, you will look very sick

  26. A Few Questions True or False: Oral Herpes has a cure Chlamydia and gonorrhea are the most common sexually transmitted infections caused by bacteria

  27. A Few Questions… True or False: Head lice cannot be spread by sharing a hairbrush Tuberculosis only affects the lungs HIV and AIDS mean the same thing

  28. Questions?THANK YOU!

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