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Endocrine System

Explore the endocrine system, diabetes types, treatment methods, experimental surgeries, and conditions like osteoporosis and Cushing's disease. Learn about symptoms, causes, and care for better health.

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Endocrine System

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  1. Endocrine System • collection of glands that produce and secrete hormones • Those hormones send messages to cells to help the organs do their jobs properly • Big parts are thehypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pineal body, and the reproductive organs. • The pancreas has a big part in dealing with the endocrine system

  2. Diabetes Insipidus • Diabetes insipidusis caused by damage to the pituitary gland • Metabolic or endocrine condition that results in losses of body fluids through urination • People with diabetes insipidus have a lower level of a hormone called vasopressin

  3. Harm to the pituitary gland can happenfrom something as simple as a head injury, or as badas an infection or tumor • Injured pituitary gland can also be hereditary • Symptoms are- frequent, rination, fatigue, and excessive thirst • Those who suffer from diabetes insipidus dehydrated and constipated

  4. infants with DI who not treated soon enough couldsufferfrom brain damage or developmental problems • DI in adults is oftencaused by tumors in the pituitasry or some damage to the pituitary gland

  5. DI can be detected with a water deprivation test • It can also be diagnosed with dehydration test • DI is usually cured with desmopressin acetate- a hormone helps the individual keep the water in their body

  6. Type II Diabetes • 90% of diabetes in the US is type 2 • More common inAfrican Americans and Native Americans • Your risk for type 2 increases as you get olde

  7. Type 2 diabetes can be a consequence of obese and being unactive • Diet and nutrition plays a role in type 2 diabetes as well

  8. Ex. The Pima Indians in Arizona have very high rates of type 2 diabetes, • the Pima Indians in Mexico have very low rates.

  9. Some women are at risk for type 2 diabetes, especially those who had gestational diabetes • Type 2 diabetes could also be the result of high blood pressure and impaired glucose tolerance. • Even though genetics mostly plays a role in type 1 diabetes it is also another factor in developing type 2

  10. the most common reason for developing type 2 diabetes is that the body does not make enough insulin or the cells completely ignore

  11. Recently researchers have notices that type 2 diabetes is on the rise in affluent populations • They have also noticed an increase in type 2 diabetes in adolescents and children

  12. METHODS OF TREATMENT • It is important for people with diabetes to have glycemic control, these means people with the disease usually have to test their blood at least once a day • Studies show that glycemic control can reduce the risk for more serious complications of diabetes such as, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, or diabetic neuropathy. • People who suffer from diabetes should see a physician on a regular basis • They should also have an annual dilated-eye examination because diabetes can lead to potential blindness

  13. EXPERIMENTAL SURGERY • Aman who’s life was limited due to type 2 diabetes underwent and experimental surgery • He was the second person in the US to try it • The surgery consisted of the doctors flipping his intestines, and moving them to the top, next to his stomach. This helped the stomach produce more GLP-1. In turn it helps regulate the blood sugar • This experiment was first tried in Brazil • http://abclocal.go.com/ktrk/story?section=news/health&id=8755210

  14. Type 1 Diabetes Insulin Dependent • Beta cells create insulin in the pancreas • Little to no insulin produced • Insulin moves sugar in blood to cells to be used as energy • No insulin means buildup of sugar in the blood (not useful) which causes the symptoms of diabetes Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body attacks the insulin producing beta cells.

  15. Type 1 Diabetes • No known cure • When its first triggered symptoms can be very intense (hospitalization) • Monitor blood sugar • Inject insulin several times a day • Too much insulin can make blood sugar too low

  16. Type 1 Diabetes • Symptoms: • Extreme thirst & hunger • Fatigue • Blurred vision • Rapid weight lose • Heavy, fast breathing • Dry skin • Naseau • Lost feeling in limbs Low Blood Sugar: • Headache • Hunger • Shaking • Sweating • Weakness • Nervousness

  17. Osteoporosis • Increases the risk of a bone fracture due to the reducing of bone mineral density. • Mainly caused by the depletion of hormones from aging, such as lower amounts of testosterone and estrogen. • Common in mostly older people, particularly women.

  18. Cushings Disease • When the body has to much cotisol hormone in its system. • Body obesity, thin limbs • Round, red, full face • Stunt grothin children • Depression & Fatgiue • Achey • Weakness

  19. Cushings Disease • hyperplasia of puituitarygland. Too much adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) released • ACTH production stimulates cortisol hormone release • Cortisol regulates immune system & usage of carbs, fats, proteins

  20. Cushings Disease Treatment: • Depending on underlying problem • For a tumor, surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation • Medication to regulate the release of cortisol • ketoconazole (Nizoral), mitotane (Lysodren) and metyrapone (Metopirone)

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