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South Asia

South Asia. India, Nepal, Pakistan, Maldives, Sri Lanka, . Climate and Landforms. Summer Monsoon Blow from the Southwest across the Indian Ocean, bringing heavy rainfall to South Asia. Winter Monsoon Blows from the Northeast across the Himalayas, often bringing periods of severe drought.

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South Asia

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  1. South Asia India, Nepal, Pakistan, Maldives, Sri Lanka,

  2. Climate and Landforms • Summer Monsoon • Blow from the Southwest across the Indian Ocean, bringing heavy rainfall to South Asia. • Winter Monsoon • Blows from the Northeast across the Himalayas, often bringing periods of severe drought.

  3. Climate and Landforms • Cyclones • Common and deadly storms that often accompany summer monsoons. • Very common in Bangladesh

  4. Climate and Landforms • Conflict over the Indus • Pakistanis are unwilling to give up the Indus River because it is a critical source of drinking and irrigation water.

  5. Climate and Landforms • Conflict over the Ganges • Climate-related issues have caused tensions between India and Bangladesh over water rights to the Ganges River.

  6. Social Aspects • Caste System – • A system of social classes

  7. Social Aspects • Ramadan • Month-long period of fasting and prayer • Which religion?

  8. Social Aspects • Sherpa • Nomadic ethnic group in Northeast Nepal • Guide mountain climbers through the Himalayas • Buddhist, very few Hindus.

  9. Social Aspects • Education! • Essential component to breaking the cycle of poverty of South Asia • Also used to teach about population control

  10. Religion • Buddhism exists in various areas around South Asia • Siddhartha Guatama (Buddha) • 6th century BC in Nepal • Nepal was invaded by Hindus, but traces of Buddhism still exist • Buddhism is the official religion of Bhutan

  11. Religion • Tibetan Buddhism influences Bhutan • Mandalas – geometric designs that are symbols of the universe. Aid in meditation.

  12. Political Aspects • History of the region: • By the 1500’s, the Mughal Empire had control over India (Muslims) • Europeans set up trading colonies (French, Dutch, Portuguese) • British East India Company – Britain gained control over India's trade in 1757 • 1857 – revolt, so… • British set up direct rule = Raj • GHANDI

  13. Political Aspects • Mohandas Ghandi – • Nonviolent resistance. • 1947 – independence!

  14. Political Aspects • Indus Valley Civilization • Largest of the world’s first civilizations. 2500 B.C. Pakistan • Highly developed, urban civilization

  15. Political Aspects • End of British rule in 1947-> Partition • Separated India from the new Muslim country of Pakistan. • Violence ensued = 1,000,000 people died • East and West Pakistan separated because of ethnic differences… • East Pakistan became Bangladesh

  16. Political Aspects • Both Bangladesh and Pakistan struggled to establish democracy. • Pakistan has fought several wars with Kashmir (borders Pakistan and India)

  17. Political Aspects • Constitutional Monarchy • Ruler’s powers are limited by a constitution. • Nepal and Bhutan (and both have agriculturally based economies!!!)

  18. Political Aspects • Sinhalese – Indo-Aryan people who settled in Sri Lanka in the sixth century BC • Tamils – Hindus from southern India who arrived in Sri Lanka in the fourth century AD

  19. Remember? • Principles of Hinduism? • What is arranged marriage? • What is the importance of the Ganges?

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