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Introduction to Computer Systems Programming with C and Assembly Language

This course focuses on Computer Systems Programming using the C language, with elements of C++. Students will learn how to translate C code into assembly language, gaining insights into fundamental data structures such as arrays, lists, trees, and hash tables. The course emphasizes the benefits of using C, including speed, portability, and ease of learning. Students will also explore modern compilation techniques and will complete hands-on projects involving the implementation of data structures and algorithm analysis. Essential for anyone interested in systems programming.

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Introduction to Computer Systems Programming with C and Assembly Language

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  1. The course

  2. Description • Computer systems programming using the C language • And possibly a little C++ • Translation of C into assembly language • Introduction to fundamental data structures • array • list • tree • hash table

  3. Why C? • Programs can be fast • Programs can be small • Runs on many platforms • Including embedded processors • Generally with some version of GCC • Relatively easy to learn • Useful “standard” library • A subset of C++

  4. Why not C? • Can get very obscure ++a = *p->q + b * (x>y ? 5 : 13) ; • Can lack robustness • Many viruses “attack” servers written in C • Mostly because of a small number of library routines • Hard to manage large software projects • Without object-oriented techniques • No clear standards for graphical user interfaces • C++ can be fast • Java can be small

  5. Which C ? • K & R C -- 1972 • The Kernighan and Richie classic • ANCI C -- started 1983 • ANSI X3.159-1989 and ISO/IEC 9899:1990 • Standard C, C89, C90 • C90 • Another ANSI standard (adds C++/Java syntax) • GCC

  6. C with objects • C++ • Used for business and gaming applications • Java • Used for networking and user interface • Executes on a “virtual machine” • C# • Used by Microsoft

  7. Computer system programming? • Not your father’s system(s) programming • No operating system kernels • Not for system administrators • Who probably use perl and python • Not linux system programming • Closer to application programming • But at an introductory level

  8. Translation into assembly • Illustration of modern compilation techniques • Lexical analysis (flex) • radius is a variable • 3.14 is a constant • Syntactic analysis (bison) • 3.14 * radius * radius is an expression • Code generation • By example

  9. Fundamental data structures • Ways of ordering information • For fast access • For growth • The most useful ones • Generally taught in CS1 or CS2

  10. Student learning outcomes • Convert the following C language elements to LC-3 assembly language: functions, pointers, arrays, structures. • Demonstrate the use of C compilers and debugging tools. • Implement the following data structures in C: array, list, tree, hash table • Define, implement, and use an abstract data type. • Analyze an algorithm to determine its execution time. • Design and implement a C program that performs a specified task.

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