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Safavid Religious Hegemony

Safavid Religious Hegemony. Origins of Safavid Empire. Safi al-Din converted to Shi’ism Safavid Brotherhood – religious group Becomes stronger using political methods Safavids eventually become militaristic and religious Allegiance to the “hidden Imam” . Origins cont. .

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Safavid Religious Hegemony

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  1. Safavid Religious Hegemony

  2. Origins of Safavid Empire • Safi al-Din converted to Shi’ism • Safavid Brotherhood – religious group • Becomes stronger using political methods • Safavids eventually become militaristic and religious • Allegiance to the “hidden Imam”

  3. Origins cont. • Brotherhood begins waging holy war • Fought against Turkey and Georgia • Ottomans outlaw Shi’a Islam • 1501 Safavids declare independence • Ismail I becomes king of Safavid Empire

  4. Hegemony • Ismail I conquers most of Iran • Sunni had been majority population • Launches campaign to convert Sunni • Safavid dynasty conversion of Islam • TwelverShi’ismbecomes official religion

  5. Methods of Conversion • Shi’ism imposed as state religion • Reintroduction of Sadr (Arabic leader) • Responsible for disseminating Twelver Doctrine • Destruction of Sunni mosques • Ritual cursing of first Sunni Caliphs • Persecuted, and shed Sunni blood

  6. The Positives • Religious and political power intertwined • People soon embraced new faith • Major educational establishments arose • Spread of philosophy and theology • Established borders with Turkey and Afghanistan

  7. The Negatives • Shi’ism was foreign to Iran • Sunni ulama left or were killed • Religious leaders became political tools • Even persecuted other different Shia • Reduced importance of the Hajj

  8. Hajj

  9. Other Outcomes • Clear line of hostility appears • Sunni majority treated with brutality • Centuries of conflict soon ensue • Established borders with Turkey and Afghanistan • Was surrounded by Sunni majority

  10. Sunni/Shia Map

  11. Ismail II • From 1576 – 77 • Went crazy having been in prison • Implemented a pro-Sunni policy • Power reduction from Shia clerics • Was poisoned in1577

  12. Abbas I • Reigned from 1587 – 1629 • Came in during troubled time • Continued converting Iran into Shia • Military reform in Iranian army • Solidified Shia control of Iran

  13. Muhammad BaqirMajlisi • Lived from 1616 – 1698 • Cleric working to eradicate Sunni • In1678 appointed Religious Leader • “Persianized” Shia religious practices • Further solidified Shia hegemony

  14. Sultan Husayn • Reigned from 1694 - 1722 • Conquered part of Afghanistan • Attempted to forcibly convert Sunni • Afghanistan rebelled and won • Caused end of Safavid empire

  15. Isfahan

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