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BELLRINGER

BELLRINGER. WHAT IS AN EMPIRE?!?! Creating your own Empire is not a simple task. It took the Roman Republic 150 years to become the Roman Empire ( Imperium Romanum ). Before we get started, let’s just define the requirements for an Empire. REQUIREMENTS:. Must have an Emperor

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BELLRINGER

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  1. BELLRINGER • WHAT IS AN EMPIRE?!?! • Creating your own Empire is not a simple task. It took the Roman Republic 150 years to become the Roman Empire (ImperiumRomanum). • Before we get started, let’s just define the requirements for an Empire.

  2. REQUIREMENTS: • Must have an Emperor • Must have a territory • Must have a core and a periphery • Must have it’s own religion…..well, that makes things easier. Why? • Must dominate it’s domain through coercion, aggression or consent • Must spread it’s cultural ideas throughout it’s domain

  3. So….how did the East do it? • TO EACH HIS OWN……. • First stop: CHINA • TARGET: I can identify and discuss the major contributions of the Shang, Zhou, Qin, and Han dynasties of China.

  4. The Creation of an Empire: CHINA Unit 4 Davidovich

  5. GEOGRAPHY • REGIONAL • Major differences • Climate • Terrain • Ex: North China saw less rain, extreme temps, and a decreased growing season

  6. The Yellow River • Huang River • Flows 2,900 mi. into the Yellow Sea • Loess – fertile yellow soil • Floods – “China’s Sorrow” • Dikes led to the river @ 12 ft. above land in some areas

  7. Yangtze River • Chang River • Flows 3,434 mi. • Deep – large ships can navigate 600 mi. inland, small ships for 1,700 mi.

  8. Xi River • 1,200 mi. long • Important commercial waterway • Navigation through a third of its length

  9. CHINESE ISOLATION • Develops a distinct culture as a result of isolation….led to a strong sense of identity and superiority • Zhongguo, “Middle Kingdom” • N/NW – contact with nomads who had own languages and cultures • Traded with the Chinese • Sometimes attacked the Chinese settlements • The Chinese referred to them as BARBARIANS

  10. Legends of China • Beginnings of the world – Pangu slept for 18,000 yrs and awoke to create the universe, then Yu drained away the flood waters for China and established the… • Beginning of dynastic rule • Xia Dynasty (2200 BC) – made advances, but couldn’t control • Floods • drought

  11. SHANG DYNASTY • Invaded China Proper from 1750 – 1500 BC • Brought knowledge of irrigation and flood control • 40,000 sq. mi. of control • GOVERNMENT: • Established a bureaucracy – gov’t organized into different levels and tasks • Hereditary king • Strong military • Organized government

  12. Shang Dynasty • ECONOMY: • Primarily agriculture – millet, rice, pigs, chickens, horses • Silk • Merchants and artisans crafted bones, ivory, jade, kaolin

  13. Shang Dynasty • CALENDAR SYSTEM: • IMPORTANT • Rulers’ success depended on harvest. Time to plant determined by calendar. • 12 lunar months (29 days each) • Priests added days when needed

  14. Shang Dynasty • RELIGION • Animism– belief that spirits inhabit everything • Symbol of kings = dragons • Ancestor worship • Nature gods • Shangdi – controlled human destiny and nature. Rulers would ask ancestors to talk to him • Priests used oracle bonesto make predictions

  15. Fall of the Shang Dynasty • 1200 BC – herders edged toward the Huang River Valley • 1000s – wars • 1050 BC – Zhou overthrew the dynasty • THE NEXT 3 DYNASTIES HELP CHINA TO GROW AND BECOME POWERFUL.

  16. THE ZHOU DYNASTY • 1050 – 256 BC • Government • Decentralized • Hereditary positions • Granted territories to members of royal families and allies • Territory rulers paid tribute and military service • Hereditary – had to pledge loyalty • MANDATE OF HEAVEN – chosen by Gods, favored in the universe

  17. Zhou Dynasty • because of its organization, the Zhou rulers began losing control in the 700s BC – local leaders fighting/outsiders attacking • Leadership quality declined (supposedly) • Legend of King Yu and Pao-Szu • 771 BC – capital destroyed, moved eastward for 500 more years with less power • Warring Stateshad control by the 400s • Qin emerged victorious

  18. QIN DYNASTY • 221 – 206 BC • Power through the military – founded by Cheng (took title of Shih Huang Ti– first emperor) • In power for 15 yrs but produced lasting changes • “China” • Est. capital @ Xi’an • Autocracy (emperor had total power) – suppressed and killed the scholars

  19. Qin Dynasty • Built first 1,500 mi. of the Great Wall • Forced labor → discontent → 206 BC a rebel army revolted and LiuBang (Qin General) founded a new dynasty

  20. THE HAN DYNASTY • 206 BC – 220 AD • Government: • Centralized • More moderate than Qin • Ruled 400 years – “People of the Han” • Longest ruler – Wu Ti (Lu Chi) – 140 to 87 BC • Capital @ Xian • Extended China north into Manchuria and Korea, south into SE Asia, and west into Central Asia…larger than the ROMAN EMPIRE!

  21. Han Dynasty • Civil Service System ran the day-to-day business of government • Selections first based upon family status, then examinations • Wu Ti est. an imperial university for training • in theory, for anyone, but it wasn’t practiced

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