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Cellular Respiration

This overview of cellular respiration and glycolysis explains how energy is released from glucose in living organisms. It details the process of glycolysis, which breaks glucose into pyruvic acid, and outlines the subsequent pathways of cellular respiration or fermentation, depending on the presence of oxygen. Key concepts like ATP production, electron carriers (NADH and FADH2), and the Krebs cycle are explored, along with the advantages and disadvantages of glycolysis. Additionally, it discusses the significance of energy in exercise and recovery.

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Cellular Respiration

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  1. Cellular Respiration Glycolysis

  2. How much energy is in food? • 1 gram of glucose = 3811 calories • calorie – amount of energy needed to raise the temp of water by 1°C • Calorie with a capital “C” = a kilocalorie • Calories are how foods are labeled • 1 kilocalorie = 1000 calories

  3. Glycolysis • The gradual release of energy from glucose molecules within the cell • There are two paths after glycolysis: • With O2 = Cellular Respiration • Without O2 = Fermentation

  4. Glycolysis Video Click Here

  5. Glycolysis Section 9-1 One moleucle of glucose is broken into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (a 3-carbon sugar)

  6. Glycolysis: ATP Production • To make energy you need to invest a little 1st to break the glucose apart • 2 ATP put in • How many ATP are gained from glycolysis? • 2 ATP (4 total, but 2 cancel out with the initial investment)

  7. Glycolysis: NADH Production • 4 high energy electrons are removed from glucose • They are added to the electron carrier NAD+ • This produces 2 NADH

  8. Advantages of Glycolysis • Happens very quickly • Even though energy output is small, it happens so often that it produces large amounts of energy • Does not require oxygen • Can happen anytime

  9. Disadvantage of Glycolysis • Happens to fast sometimes • When it produces to much ATP all of the cell’s avalible NAD+ is used up • Without NAD+ glycolysis can not continue

  10. Cellular Respiration • Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presences of oxygen • 6 O2 + C6H12O6→ 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy

  11. Cellular Respiration Section 9-1 Mitochondrion Electrons carried in NADH Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 Pyruvic acid Glucose Electron Transport Chain Krebs Cycle Glycolysis Mitochondrion Cytoplasm

  12. Homework • Pg 225 Section Assessment • #1, 2, 4, & 5

  13. Cellular Respiration The Krebs Cycle & Electron Transport Chain

  14. Review • Glycolysis happens with or without O2 • Goes to Cellular respiration with O2 • aerobic • Goes to Fermentation without O2 • anerobic

  15. Cellular Respiration Section 9-1 Mitochondrion Electrons carried in NADH Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 Pyruvic acid Glucose Electron Transport Chain Krebs Cycle Glycolysis Mitochondrion Cytoplasm

  16. Krebs Cycle • Pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions.

  17. Krebs Cycle Click Here Click Here

  18. Krebs Cycle

  19. Electron Transport Chain • Uses high energy electrons from the Krebs Cycle & Glycolysis to convert ADP to ATP

  20. Electron Transport Chain Click Here Click Here

  21. The Electron Transport Chain

  22. Section 9-2 Cellular Respiration Glucose(C6H1206) + Oxygen(02) Glycolysis KrebsCycle ElectronTransportChain Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O)

  23. Classwork/Homework • Explain the entire cellular respiration process. • Use words and/or pictures.

  24. Cellular Respiration Fermentation

  25. Review • Everything starts with Glycolysis • With oxygen – goes to Cellular Respiration • Without oxygen – goes to Fermentation

  26. Cellular Respiration Section 9-1 Mitochondrion Electrons carried in NADH Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 Pyruvic acid Glucose Electron Transport Chain Krebs Cycle Glycolysis Mitochondrion Cytoplasm

  27. Fermentation • Glycolysis + new process = Fermentation • Fermentation releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absences of oxygen • During fermentation, cells convert NADH to NAD+ by passing high-energy electrons back to pyruvic acid.

  28. Two Types of Fermentation • Alcoholic • Pyruvic acid + NADH → alcohol + CO2 + NAD+ • Done by yeast and other microorganisms • Lactic Acid • Pyruvic acid + NADH → lactic acid + NAD+ • Done in humans and other animals

  29. Lactic Acid Fermentation

  30. Energy & Exercise • How does your body obtain energy for quick exercise? • How does your body obtain energy for long exercise? • Why do runners breathe heavily after a race? • Why do your muscle hurt after exercise?

  31. Classwork/Homework • Pg 237 • # 1-10 – just the letter of the answer • #12-13 & 15-19 – complete sentences

  32. Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration vs. Photosynthesis

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