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L-19 Part III Era of Great Reforms 5. Revolutionary Movement

L-19 Part III Era of Great Reforms 5. Revolutionary Movement. A. Themes. New soslovie: revolutionary caste From ideas to deeds “Populism” Strategies Terrorism Revolutionary situation, 1879-81 Counter-revolutionary state. C. New Caste: “Intelligentsia”. Precursors New soslovie.

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L-19 Part III Era of Great Reforms 5. Revolutionary Movement

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  1. L-19Part III Era of Great Reforms5. Revolutionary Movement

  2. A. Themes • New soslovie: revolutionary caste • From ideas to deeds • “Populism” • Strategies • Terrorism • Revolutionary situation, 1879-81 • Counter-revolutionary state

  3. C. New Caste: “Intelligentsia” • Precursors • New soslovie

  4. Radicals: Social Origins

  5. Radicals: Occupation

  6. Radicals of 1870s: Educational Level

  7. 1. “Nihilism” of the 1860s • Term, meaning • Social significance

  8. 2. Theoreticians • Herzen: Russian agrarian socialism • Chernyshevskii: Revolutionary action

  9. Radical Theoreticians:Herzen Bakunin

  10. New Theoretician: N.G. Chernyshevskii

  11. 3. “Practicals”:Profile • Origins and Status • Identity: “New People”

  12. 4. Movement 1861-65 “Proclamationism” 1865-9 Conspiratorial Revolution Ishutin and the “Organization” Nechaev

  13. Student Radicals at SPB University (at Kronshtadt) 1861

  14. Sergei Nechaev

  15. 5. State Response • New limits on great reforms • Repression: generally mild

  16. Dmitrii Karakozov1866 Arrest, Execution

  17. Narodnichestvo (populism) of the 1870s • Etymology • Politicization

  18. 2. Theoreticians: Three Visions • Lavrov: consciousness • Bakunin: spontaneity • Tkachev: consciousness in lieu of spontaneity

  19. Petr Lavrov

  20. Mikhail Bakunin Petr Kropotkin

  21. Petr Tkachev

  22. 1872: Publication of Marx’s Kapital

  23. 3. Praktiki: Profile Age: 87% under 30 Origin: 72% non-noble Education: 45% less than secondary education 21% no formal education 2% illiterate Occupation: 14% workers Gender: 15% female

  24. Radicals: Social Origins

  25. Radicals of 1870s: Age Structure

  26. Radicals of 1870s: Educational Level

  27. 4. Movement: Phases • Preparationism, 1869-73 • Bakuninism, 1874-5 (“to the people”) • Land and Freedom, 1876-9 • People’s Will 1879-81

  28. Group Photo: Populists

  29. A. V. Dolgushin: Leader in “Going to the People”

  30. Ippolit Myshkin

  31. Populist: New Attire

  32. Sofia Perovskaia

  33. Vera Figner

  34. Populist Underground Paper: Narodnaia Volia

  35. “Arrest of Propagandist”

  36. Assassination of Alexander II

  37. 1881 Assassination of Alexander II

  38. 1886 Sketch: Assassination of Alexander II

  39. 5. State Response • Administrative measures • Increasingly harsh repression

  40. E. Conclusions • Ideology: from elitism to peasant idealization • No success, but growing cohesion, identity • Little popular support • Return to elitism in late 1870s

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