NUCLEAR ENTHUSIASM: RISK ASSESMENT AND MITIGATION STRATEGY

1. NUCLEAR ENTHUSIASM: RISK ASSESMENT AND MITIGATION STRATEGY Development of Infrastructure for Nuclear Power in Indonesia Djarot S. Wisnubroto National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia

2. Introduction • Indonesia has for a long period planned for the introduction of nuclear power. • Act No 10 of 1997 on Nuclear Energy. This is the primary legislation in Indonesia • Act No. 17 of 2007 on Long-Term National Development Plan of Indonesia for 2005 to 2025 • Indonesia performed self-assessment on National Nuclear Infrastructure prior to Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review.

3. FOUNDATION PHYLOSOPHY • APPLICATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY ARE FOR PEACEFUL USES ONLY • SAFETY & SECURITY ARE THE PRIME CONSIDERATION • DEMAND DRIVEN AND STAKEHOLDER SATISFACTION

4. No. INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS STATUS 1. Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) - Safeguard Agreement with IAEA - Additional Protocol to Safeguards Ratified: UU No. 8 Th. 1978 signed Signed 2. Convention on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and its Amendment Ratified by Presdeg No. 49 Th. 1986 3. Convention on Early Notification of A Nuclear Accident Ratified by Presdeg No. 81 Th. 1993 4. Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency Ratified by Presdeg No. 82 Th. 1993 5. Treaty on the Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon Free Zone Ratified: UU No. 9 Th. 1997 6. Convention on Nuclear Safety Ratified by Presdeg No.106 Th. 2001 7. Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) Under process for ratification 8. Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management 9. Protocol to Amend the Vienna Convention Signed (1997) 10. Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage Signed (1997) 11. Bilateral cooperation and supply agreement(s) Signed (1997) STATUS OF INDONESIA : INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON NUCLEAR ENERGY Under process for ratification

5. Managing the first NPP Basic consideration in Managing the First NPP • National and International Framework • Nuclear Safety • Nuclear power supply market • Financial market • Economics of nuclear power • Safeguards • Security of nuclear material and other radioactivity • Management system • Regional and interregional cooperation • IAEA Assistance

6. Managing the first NPP Pre-Project Stage National energy supply planning Nuclear power system planning Activities related with treaties, convention and agreement National infrastructure National participant plan Site survey HRD Programme

7. Fig 1: Nuclear Infrastructure Development Program (Nov 2009) Milestone 3 Ready to commission and operate the first NPP Nulear power option included within the national energy strategy Milestone 2 Ready to invite bids for the first NPP Milestone 1 Ready to make a knowledgeable commitment to a nuclear programme Status NPP Dev Phase 4 Maintenance and continuous infrastructure improvement Act. 17/2007 Phase 3 Activities to implement a first NPP Phase 2 Preparatory work for the construction of a NPP after a policy decision has been taken Pres.Reg. 5/2006 Phase 1 Consideration before a decision to launch a nuclear power programme is taken Infrastructure Development Program Pre Project Project Decision Making Construction Operation/ decommissioning 1st NPP Project Feasibility study Bidding process Commissioning 10-15 years

8. Evaluation of the status of nuclear national infrastructure • Key Infrastructure Issues to be evaluated • National position • Nuclear safety • Management • Funding and financing • Legislative framework • Safeguards • Regulatory framework • Radiation protection • Electrical grid • Human resources development • Stakeholder involvement • Site and supporting facilities • Environmental protection • Emergency planning • Security and physical protection • Nuclear fuel cycle • Radioactive waste • Industrial involvement • Procurement

9. Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review (INIR) • INIR mission is conducted in order to provide external peer review by IAEA • INIR Mission is implemented at different phases of the infrastructure development of Member state • INIR Mission phase 1 has been done in 23-27 November 2009

10. Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review (INIR) The mission utilized the following techniques: a) Study of documents, performed in two stages (i) prior to the mission, as part of preparation and (ii) during the mission. The documents include: Self-Assessment Report, 2009 October; Indonesian strategy documents for peaceful utilization of atomic energy; Atomic Energy Law and related decrees and regulations; Formulation of sustainable energy development strategies under framework of climate change, IAEA/RCA Project (RAS/0/045), BATAN, 2008 b) Interviews to gather information through discussions with representatives of the counterpart organizations.

11. Result of Nuclear Infrastructure Review Indonesia is planning in earnest for the introduction of nuclear power. Two key organizations have been formed: BATAN as promoting organization that in charge of development work and preparations for nuclear energy, and BAPETEN, the regulatory body. No decision has, however, yet been made on what organization will be responsible for owning and operating the nuclear power plants. Several options are considered.

12. Result of Nuclear Infrastructure Review There is a national consensus in principle that nuclear energy should be a part of the energy portfolio in Indonesia ( Act Number 17 Year 2007 ) There is good progress in the development of the national infrastructure in many areas, especially nuclear law, safety regulations, grid, human resources development, emergency planning, environmental protection, fuel cycle and waste management.

13. Result of Nuclear Infrastructure Review Less progress has been made in those areas, which will require the involvement of the owner/operator of the nuclear power plants, e.g. management, funding and financing and industry involvement. The activities for stakeholder involvement will in particular require significant improvement. The infrastructure activities performed by different organisations have so far been informally coordinated; it would be advantageous to introduce formal steering and coordination of the future activities.

14. Result of Nuclear Infrastructure Review Based on these findings, the team recommends that in order to implement the provisions of Act No. 17 of 2007 and Presidential Regulation decree No. 5 of 2006 Indonesia will need to: Clarify the planning and decisions needed for a nuclear power program and identify owner/operator Create an inter-agency team to oversee and steer infrastructure development work Develop a detailed action plan for infrastructure development for phase 2 (until invitation to bid is issued) as part of longer term planning

15. Result of Nuclear Infrastructure Review Develop a comprehensive program for stakeholder (incl. public) involvement Expand the existing national policy and strategy for national industry involvement to also include the involvement for constructing and operating nuclear power plants Enhance international/regional/bilateral cooperation

16. Summary of the Infrastructure Review

17. Conclusion Indonesia has done extensive preparatory work on most infrastructure issues that would allow the country to make decision to further consider introduction of nuclear power, i.e. to go from phase 1 to phase 2 in Milestone methodology. It can be suggested that some issues mainly connected to the responsibilities of the owner/operator of the nuclear power plant, still will require further work, most of which can be performed in parallel during phase 2.

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