Will You Be My Friend?

1. Will You Be My Friend? Aleesha Paddleford Cathi VanKirk Melissa Moore Terri Wright Tony Perkins Vanessa Roets

2. Moral issues with social networking • With the rise in popularity of social networking students and teachers are facing new moral and ethical dilemma's. • Should teachers and students be friends on the same social network? • What are the advantages and risks of taking part in social networking with students?

3. What is a social network? • Social network sites (SNS) are web-based services that allow individuals to: • (1) construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system • (2) articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection • (3) view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system • (Boyd & Ellison, 2008)

4. 2010 Timeline of Social Networks 2006 Facebook (world-wide), Twitter 2004 Facebook (Harvard) 2003 LinkedIn, MySpace 2002 Friendster: Find circle of friends based on similar interests. 1997 1995 SixDegrees: Circle of friends based on connections Classmates: Find & communicate friends from past 1990 AOL: Create personal profiles that other members can find 1970 Bulletin Board System (BBS) Local networks created to share text/notes.

5. The Early Years… • 1970’s: Create social networks as alternative communication strategy & share files in the workplace • 1990’s: Interest in Social Networks expands with the increase of Internet users. • Interest shifts to making connections with people (known or unknown) and initiating communication • 2003: Social Networks focus on established circle of friends instead of creating circles from the unknown.

6. Functions of a Social Network Communicate with friends, family, co-workers by: Post public status or announcement Instant Message Post pictures & video Comment on other’s profile or comments Games & Quizzes (Results are posted for people to see) On many of the large [Social Network Systems] SNSs, participants are not necessarily “networking” or looking to meet new people; instead, they are primarily communicating with people who are already a part of their extended social network (Boyd & Ellison, 2008). Users all around the world--regardless of their site of choice--were divulging their deepest thoughts, fears and desires in rapid exchanges to as few as one and as many as one million people at once. Finally, widgets added connectivity to MySpace, Facebook and virtually every other social-networking Web site, and tied everything--and everyone—together (Simon, 2009).

7. Today’s Popular Social Networks LinkIn: Networking resource for businesspeople who want to connect with other professionals. Today, LinkedIn boasts more than 30 million members. MySpace: Focuses on the young adult demographic with music, music videos, and a funky, feature-filled environment. About 90 million users. Facebook: Opened to the general public in 2006. Currently boasts in excess of 150 million users. Twitter: Essentially a micro-blogging "What are you doing at the moment?" site where users keep contacts informed of everyday events by posting from their computer or handheld device. (Nickson, 2009)

8. What started as a note system with a dozen or so users has evolved into a global phenomenon with hundreds of millions of users reaching nearly every corner in the world. From elaborate, graphics-intensive personal pages to brief, brisk bulletins, the explosion of social networking sites has succeeded in bringing people closer together as the restless masses stand on the mountaintop, waiting for the next revolution. (Simon, 2009)

9. Oh the place we will go… --Dr Seuss

10. Look How Far We’ve Come… • Or have we? Perhaps people should consider a few of George Washington’s Rules of Civility before they post anything. • 3d Shew Nothing to your Friend that may affright him. • 45th Being to advise or reprehend any one, consider whether it ought to be in publick or in Private; • 81st Be not Curious to Know the Affairs of Others neither approach those that speak in private.

11. Harness the networks • "We read a lot in the media about how young people are using social networking sites with harmful results," agrees Christine Greenhow • "The question is, can we harness this interest and passion in their online lives for educational purposes?“ Greenhow not only found an increasing awareness by Sommers and other students of the potential of these sites to express their creativity and explore their interests, but also the potential to complement lessons in more formal educational settings -- if teachers can just figure out how to use them.

12. Making Connections • If that is going to be possible, however, first teachers must learn from the students' mindsets -- that is, rolling up their sleeves and creating Facebook profile themselves. • Demographics are working in teachers' favor, as the fastest-growing group of Facebook users, for example, is 25 and older. • In between reconnecting with high school friends and uploading their own vacation photos, a teacher might begin to understand why students find these sites so attractive -- and perhaps come up organically with ideas for using them in class.

13. Digital Citizens • Perhaps even more important than the impact of social networking on the classroom, however is the impact that the classroom can have on social networking, by teaching students how to be responsible "digital citizens" online. • At their most basic level, these sites can be launching points to discussions on Internet ethics. "If we want kids to be digital citizens, we must model that behavior for them," says Greenhow.

14. Digital Citizens cont. • As it stands now, however, most schools do the exact opposite, actively discouraging student use of social networking sites by blocking them on school computers -- sending the message that they are dangerous or inappropriate.

15. Networking awareness • Educators studying social networking sites are just beginning to develop ways to use them to teach social issues. • The biggest gift of social networking sites is the same thing that makes them such a danger -- the immediate ability to interact with so many strangers so different from themselves. • "If it turns out that, gee, people very different than me are also very like me in some ways, that doesn't automatically lead to a respect for others, but it can help with that and with a skilled teacher building those connections.“ said Dede • Greenhow suggests, they must take a page from social networking sites themselves and allow student to take an active part in the discussion. "The more we understand about what motivates and engages youth to use these technologies in their everyday lives," she says, "the more we will be able to build on what they are learning in school, so they are developing the 21st century competencies that we value, and co-learning or co-constructing their own educational experience."

16. Getting To Know You… The King & I Lyrics

17. Advantages of Social Networking Advantages: • Motivating: Gibbons(2010) found that students who used a wiki to complete a writing assignment were more motivated and got more useful feedback then the group that followed more traditional writing process • Simple to get resources and information that could be too time or cost prohibitive to access otherwise • Access to communication partners, information outside of school day

18. Concerns of Social Networking Concerns: • Overlap with advantages: quick, simple, round-the clock access is not limited only to academic or socially appropriate content • Lack of awareness of and education about how to use appropriately and safely. • Safety: cyberbullying, predators/stalkers, identity theft. • Permanent nature of information posted: it does not go away.

19. Survey says…

20. Survey of Internet Risk and Behavior (Kite, Gale, Fillipelli 2010): • A survey given to 7th and 8th grade students assessed the following: • View of and experience with social networks • Knowledge of appropriate behavior and possible risks • Bullying behaviors demonstrated by respondents • Frequency and type of internet use

21. Survey Results • Only 37% thought a predator could use information they posted on-line to contact them further • Only 43% thought a predator could use on-line resources (I.e. Google earth) to locate their home or school • Only 54% thought that they could get in trouble for carrying out, at school, threats they made on-line. • Only 40% would inform an adult if they were contacted by a stranger • Only 44% would inform an adult if they received threatening or unkind messages • Only 57% would inform an adult if they were harassed by another student

22. A Thin Line: 2009 AP-MTV Digital Abuse Study (as reported in Siegel, 2010) Respondents were 14-24 years of age • 75% thought that abuse via digital media was serious problem for their age group • Approximately only half considered it possible that their posting could have harmful repercussions for themselves • 24% stated they had been involved in “sexting” (posting or forwarding suggestive, nude, or explicitly sexual pictures) • 61% of those who sent naked photos were pressured into doing so by someone else • Close to 20% who received sext messages forwarded them to someone else

23. Problematic Cyber Interactions Siegel, (2010), describes eight categories of harmful interactions developed by Nancy Willard: 1. Harassment: Threats or negative comments sent repeatedly 2. Denigration: Deliberately sending or posting information about a person to cause damage to his or her reputation or relationships 3. Impersonation: Sending or posting information in someone else’s name in order to damage that person’s relationships or reputation 4. Impersonation: Assuming someone else’s identity in order to send or post information that will have negative consequences for that person: damage to reputation, harm to relationships, lead to danger, cause person to get in trouble

24. Cyber Interactions, continued • Outing: Posting or sending confidential or potential embarrassing information or images about another person • Trickery: Manipulating a person into revealing confidential or potentially embarrassing information online • Exclusion: Deliberate and unkind exclusion of a person from an online group • Cyberstalking: Threatening, fear-inducing harrassment, especially with denigrating content, that is intense and repeated

25. Why It Matters in Social Networking and Digital Media • Spreads exponentially: faster to larger number of people • All day, every day access and posting of information • Not just words but video, photos • Collier (2010) states it this way: “…persistence and searchability (the Net as a permanent as searchable archive), replicability (the ability to copy and past from and to anywhere on the Net), scalability (potential visibility beyond the audience you have in mind), invisible audience (never really knowing who’s seeing/reading/watching what you post), and blurring of public and private (private from whom?).

26. Education Needed For Protection • Physical • Psychological • Life-long reputation or legal harm • Identity, property, or online-communities stolen or attacked (from Collier, 2010)

27. Consequentialist POV • Can provide character education. • Can help kids learn to be safe from online predators, bullies, and other harm from the internet. • Can help teachers promote safe behaviors both in and out of school. • Allows access to families they might not otherwise be able to reach.

28. Non-Consequentialist POV • It’s an invasion of student and teacher privacy • Ignore that social networking sites exist, much like previously done with sex education. • Social networking is prohibited at school; therefore, it is not a school issue.

29. Why Can’t we Be Friends? --Song by WAR

30. Effects in the Classroom • Social networking is affecting how students write in class which concerns teachers. Students are using “chat” like conversations in their writing in place of correct grammar. Using lol, dk, idk, gr8, in place of the actual words. • Students are spending hours online communicating with friends which affects their ability to focus in class and complete homework assignments. The results are that more students who are involved in social networking have poorer grades.

31. Is It Wise to Participate in a Social Networking Site? • If a teacher does participate in one of the over 100 social networking sites on the Internet, here are three questions to consider: • Is your social network site open to anyone? • Do you allow students to be your “friend"? • Will anything on your social networking site be embarrassing if found by a student, parent of a student or a supervisor? • If you answered yes to any of these questions, then you may want to re-think participating in the social networking site. • Ultimately, sites like Facebook are social environments. Teachers guide students in a professional capacity, and being social doesn’t seem like part of the job description.

32. The Reality • Social networking web sites are here to stay, serving many purposes that, generally, are beneficial. • With the advances in internet communication, school boards and administrators must address crucial issues involving professional deportment relative to such media. • Proactive, published policies may go a long way in preventing avoidable staff confrontations and possible litigation. Seminars covering such issues should be a part of on-going professional development as well as mandatory for new-teacher orientation sessions.

33. Got To Be Real Real Life Examples --Cheryl Lynn Lyrics

34. Privacy Invaded • Facebook and other social networking Web sites help people reconnect with old friends and keep in touch with former classmates, but they also can give students unprecedented access to the private lives of their teachers. • A teacher was forced to resign when a student found pictures of her drinking and playing a bingo game that spells out a curse word. • Teachers are very aware of the damage inappropriate online postings can have on their careers - but what one person considers inappropriate might be deemed well within bounds by someone else.

35. Social networking can create problems for teachers • A middle school teacher last year posted on his Facebook page that he hated his students and his job. When district leaders found out, they suspended him for five days. The local teachers’ union is fighting a Manatee County School District policy proposal that would govern how teachers and other employees can use Facebook and other online social networks. • As internet communication increases, school systems and boards must grapple with privacy issues that affect professional standards of behavior by teachers.

36. Stacy Snyder • Stacy Snyder, lost her chance to obtain a degree in education because of a photo she posted on her MySpace page. The photo was of her dressed in a pirate costume, with the caption “drunken pirate.” Snyder sued the university and lost. Millersville University, ultimately made its decision to give Snyder, an English degree instead of a degree in Education based on her overall performance as well as the photo posted on her MySpace page (Perez, 2008).

37. Tamara Hoover • Tamara Hoover, an Art high school teacher was fired for nude photos posted on a photographer’s website. The photographer had taken the photos and posted the photos on her professional website as art. When school administrators became aware of the photos posted on a public website, Hoover was fired from her teaching position (May, 2006).

38. John Bush • John Bush, middle school PE teacher, was fired for photos and posts he had put on his MySpace page. School officials “conceded that the online content was not pornographic, but contained information parents would not want their children to know about their teacher.” It was because of these posting, Bush was fired from his position (Florida Teacher Fired Over MySpace Page, 2007)

39. AnuPrabhakara • Anu Prabhakara, a middle school foreign language teacher, was put under investigation after a posting she made on her MySpace page. Prabhakara, had complained about a certain student and this student’s parent. Other students in Prabhakara class read the posts. Parents complained to administration that Prabhakara “crossed the line” between student/teacher interaction causing an investigation into her conduct (Carvin, 2007).

40. Ashley Payne • Ashley Payne, high school English teacher, resigned from her position after an anonymous email was sent to administration with concerns about the photos and posts on her Facebook page. The anonymous email stated that Payne had inappropriate content on her page and that one of her students had access to and seen this content on Payne’s Facebook page. According to Payne, she did not have any students as “friends” on her Facebook page (Melandon, 2010).

41. Cyber Safety Education: Resources for Teachers and Parents • www.cyberbullying.us • www.cyberbully.org • www.athinline.org • www.cybersmartcurriculum.org • California cyber education and safety program

42. References • Alund, N.N. ( October 26. 2010). Manatee teachers' union fights proposed social networking policy. Bradenton. Retrieved from http://www.bradenton.com/2010/10/26/2682454/union-fights-proposed-social-networking.html#ixzz15hSiZDRG • Bland, M. (2009). Thanks for the add. Now help me with my homework. Ed.Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.gse.harvard.edu/blog/news_features_releases/2009/01/thanks-for-the-add-now-help-me-with-my-homework.html • Bloxham, A. ( November 18, 2010). Social networking: teachers blame Facebook and Twitter for pupils' poor grades. The Telegraph. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationnews/8142721/Social-networking-teachers-blame-Facebook-and-Twitter-for-pupils-poor-grades.html • Boyd, D. M. and Ellison, N. B. (2008), Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13, Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x/full; doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x • Carter, H., Foulger, T., & Ewbank, A. (2008). Have You Googled Your Teacher Lately? Teachers' Use of Social Networking Site. Phi Delta Kappen, 89 (9), 681-685. • Carvin, A. (2007, Jun 12). How Not to Use MySpace in the Classroom. Retrieved Nov 20, 2010, from PBS: http://www.pbs.org/teachers/learning.now/2007/06/how_not_to_use_myspace_in_the.html • Chibbaro, J. (2007). School Counselors and the cyberbully: interventions and implications. Professional School Counseling 11(1), 65-68. • Collier, A (2009, November). A better safety net: It’s time to get smart about online safety. School Library Journal, 36-38. • Florida Teacher Fired Over MySpace Page. (2007, Jan 25). Retrieved Nov 20, 2010, from Click Orlando: http://www.clickorlando.com/education/10838194/detail.html

43. References Fredrick, K.(2009). Mean girls (and boys): cyberbullying and what can be done about it. School Library Media Activities Monthly, XXV(8), 44-45. Gibbons, S. (2010). Collaborating like never before: reading and writing through a wiki. English Journal,99(5), 35- 39 Hayden, K. (May 18. 2010) Teachers & Social Networking Sites: Teachers might want to re-think participating in Facebook or MySpace. Suite101. Retrieved at http://www.suite101.com/content/teachers-social-networking-sites-a54245#ixzz15hMxfu2j Kist, W. (2008). "I Gave Up MySpace for Lent": New Teachers and Social Networking Site. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 52 (3), 245-247. Kite, S., Gable, R, Fillipelli, L (2010). Assessing middle school students’ knowledge of conduct and consequences and their behaviors regarding the use of social networking sites. The Clearing House83, 158-163. doi:10.1080/00098650903505365 May, M. (2006, June 23). Hoover: Caught in the Flash. Retrieved Nov 20, 2010, from The Austin Chronicle: http://www.austinchronicle.com/gyrobase/Issue/story?oid=oid%3A378611 Melancon, M. (November 14, 2009). Teacher Facebook flap stirs debate. Athens Banner Herald. Retrieved from http://www.onlineathens.com/stories/111409/new_516320164.shtml Melancon, M. (2010, Aug 29). Teacher Ready to Move Beyond Suit. Retrieved Nov 20, 2010, from Online Athens: http://www.onlineathens.com/stories/082910/new_701567572.shtml Nickson, C. (2009, January 21). The history of social networking. Retrieved from http://www.digitaltrends.com/features/the-history-of-social-networking Perez, S. (2008, Dec 5). Social Network Profile Cost Women Degree. Retrieved Nov 20, 2010, from ReadWriteWeb: http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/social_network_profile_costs_woman_college_degree.php Ramaswami, R (2010), Nothing to lol about. T.H.E. Journal. 37(6), 24-26, 28.

44. References • Siegle, D. (2010). Cyberbullying and sexting: technology abuses of the 21st century. Gifted Child Today 32(2), 14-16, 65. • Simon, M. (2009, December 14). The complete history of social networking -- CBBS to Twitter. Retrieved fromhttp://www.maclife.com/article/feature/complete_history_social_networking_cbbs_twitter?page=0,1 • Streich, M. (November 26, 2008). Social networking sites and teacher integrity: Rethinking the relationship between teacher and student. Suite101. Retrieved at http://www.suite101.com/content/social-networking-sites-and-teacher-integrity-a80863#ixzz15hTqAkwz • Stroud, S. (2009) Fight fire with fire. T.H.E. Journal. 36(9), 29-30. • Washington, George. Rules of Civility & Decent Behaviour in Company and Conversation: a Book of Etiquette. Williamsburg, VA: Beaver Press, 1971. Retrieved from http://www.history.org/almanack/life/manners/rules2.cfm