AGENDA

1. AGENDA • Review • What are rhetorical devices? • Discuss class activity responses • Rhetorical Appeals-TAKE NOTES IN YOUR NOTEBOOK • Picket Signs • Exit Slip

2. CONTEXT The setting or specific set of circumstances in which a speech or text is created. In the SOAPSTone strategy, this is called the OCCASION. A question to ask when considering CONTEXT is “Why MUST the writer create this piece?”

3. PURPOSE The writer’s objective for creating the piece. A question to ask when considering PURPOSE is “What does the writer want to ACCOMPLISH?”

4. THE RHETORICAL TRIANGLE The relationship between the three elements of the triangle help to deepen our understanding of the text. AUDIENCE SPEAKER SUBJECT

5. SPEAKER What impression do you want to make? How will you convince readers to believe you? (credibility) What do you have in common with the audience in order to create a bond with them?

6. AUDIENCE How much do they already know about your subject? What do they expect to see in this document? (format, diction, style) What prejudices or pre-conceptions might they have about your subject? What are their interests? What do they need to know?

7. SUBJECT What is your topic? What is the best organization or format to present this topic? How comfortable are you or your audience with this topic? What is prompting you to tackle this subject?

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12. Rhetorical Appeals • We have already utilized SOAPStone to identify some of the characteristics of effective argumentation. • As writers, we will use SOAPStone to maximize how we deliver our messages. • We must also begin to address how to best target our audience, establish context, and represent ourselves in order to fit our purpose and subject. • To achieve this “best,” we use Rhetorical Appeals.

13. Record in your notebook: Rhetorical Appeals: Tools that help the writer make his or her argument more appealing to the audience. Ethos / Pathos / Logos

14. Ethos = “ethical appeal” • How does the speaker present him or herself? • As an effective writer, you can control how your audience perceives you. • Speakers often use allusions, quotes, and references to build their own ethos.

15. Ethos Example Politicians. In politics, it’s all about perception. Consider how politicians use their appearance, dress, speaking characteristics, and mannerisms to affect how we perceive them.

16. Pathos = “emotional appeal” • How well does the speaker appeal to the audience’s emotions? • The emotions need to match the subject, purpose, and context. • As writers, we need to consider how to manipulate our reader’s emotions. • Emotional appeals can be effective or overwhelming - consider Hallmark commercials.

17. Pathos Example Wedding speeches and eulogies. When giving these types of speeches, the speaker is almost always aware of the audience’s expectations. For wedding speeches and toasts, the audience typically expects to be entertained and reminded of love. In a eulogy, the audience members are already emotional, and they expect the speaker to match their serious and sad state.

18. Logos = “logical appeal” • How well does the speaker use his or her own text to make an effective argument? • Is the argument rational and well-constructed? • How well does the speaker support his or her thesis? • Speakers will often use facts, statistics, and references to create logos.

19. Logos Example Legal documents. Most effective laws and legal decisions rely heavily on logos. For example, within the United States’ judicial system, the punishment is supposed to fit the crime. Faulty logic may lead to unequal punishments, which is typically not tolerated.

24. EXIT SLIP Think about major speeches often given to large groups of people (ie Presidential addresses). In 7 sentences or more, write about how the use of rhetorical appeals in such cases may prove to be effective or ineffective. 5 minutes.