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SST from Polar Orbiters: Use of NWP Outputs 5-7 March 2013, OSI SAF Workshop, Lannion, France

SST from Polar Orbiters: Use of NWP Outputs 5-7 March 2013, OSI SAF Workshop, Lannion, France. VIIRS SST – ACSPO and IDPS Sasha Ignatov, John Stroup, Xingming Liang, Prasanjit Dash, Feng Xu, Yury Kihai, Boris Petrenko, Marouan Bouali Thanks to JPSS Partners

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SST from Polar Orbiters: Use of NWP Outputs 5-7 March 2013, OSI SAF Workshop, Lannion, France

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  1. SST from Polar Orbiters: Use of NWP Outputs 5-7 March 2013, OSI SAF Workshop, Lannion, France VIIRS SST – ACSPO and IDPS Sasha Ignatov, John Stroup, Xingming Liang, Prasanjit Dash, Feng Xu, Yury Kihai, Boris Petrenko, Marouan Bouali Thanks to JPSS Partners U. Miami - Peter Minnett, Bob Evans, Kay Kilpatrick NAVO - Doug May, Jean-Francois Cayula NRL/USM - Bob Arnone, Walt McBride EUMETSAT/Meteo France - Pierre Le Borgne, Herve Roquet VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  2. JPSS Program – Mitch Goldberg, Kathryn Schontz, Bill Sjoberg, Heather Kilcoyne, Janna Feeley, Bonnie Reed, Bruce Gunther, Rosalie Marley NPP Project Scientist – Jim Gleason VIIRS Sensor Data Records (SDR; L1b) Team – Changyong Cao, Frank DeLuccia, Mark Liu, and others VIIRS VCM Team – Andy Heidinger, Denis Botambekov, Tom Kopp NESDIS/STAR JPSS Team – Ivan Csiszar, Laurie Rokke, Lihang Zhou, and many others JCSDA CRTM Team – Yong Han, Yong Chen, Mark Liu, Paul Van Delst, Dave Groff Acknowledgements VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  3. JPSS SST Team & VIIRS Products VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  4. Outline • NPPand JPSS • NPP – The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership • JPSS – Joint Polar Satellite System • VIIRS – Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite • Global VIIRS SST Products at NOAA • IDPS– JPSS Interface Data Processing Segment • ACSPO - JPSS Data Exploitation (JDE) • IDPS/ACSPO - Different Cloud & Ice Masks, SST algorithms • ACSPO SST Imagery: VIIRS vs. Aqua MODIS • SST Analyses in SQUAM • ACSPO-IDPS Comparisons: Case Study 31 Dec 2012 • Time Series: AVHRR, MODIS, VIIRS Consistency • Radiance Analyses in MICROS • VIIRS Stability & Consistency with AVHRR/MODIS VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  5. JPSS Data Products: IDPS– Interface Data Processing Segment • Algorithms: IPO/NPOESS (Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems) • Operational Products: IPO/NPOESS (Raytheon) IDPS (RDRs, SDRs, EDRs) VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  6. NPP, JPSS, VIIRS NPP – The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership • Successfully launched on 28 October 2011 • Transition from NOAA/POES & NASA/EOS – to JPSS JPSS – Joint Polar Satellite System • US - European Cooperation • US Contribution: VIIRS onboard NPP/JPSS in 1:30am/pm orbit. Planned launches: JPSS-1 (2016?), -2 (2022?) • European contribution: AVHRR onboard Metop in 9:30am/pm orbit. Metop-A (Oct 2006), -B (Sep 2012), -C (2017?) VIIRS – Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite • Builds on MODIS heritage: Multispectral imager with high spatial resolution and radiometric accuracy • Products: Raw Data Records (RDR; L1a); Sensor Data Records (SDR; L1b); Environmental Data Records (EDR; L2) VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  7. VIIRS Sensors Characteristics VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  8. SST Bands and NEDT (BB-based; non-aggregated pixels) VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  9. Examples ACSPO SST Imagery: VIIRS vs. MODIS Gulf of Mexico 23 May 2012 – Night VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  10. NPP/VIIRS ACSPO SST 23 May 2012 0730-0740 UTC – Night – Swath Projection ACSPO_V2.10_NPP_VIIRS_2012-05-23_0730-0740_20120526.053954.hdf VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  11. Aqua/MODIS ACSPO SST 23 May 2012 0800-0805 UTC – Night – Swath Projection ACSPO_V2.10_AQUA_MODIS_2012-05-23_0800-0805_20120527.093405.hdf VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  12. NPP/VIIRS ACSPO SST 23 May 2012 0730-0740 UTC – Night – Mapped onto 0.8km grid ACSPO_V2.10_NPP_VIIRS_2012-05-23_0730-0740_20120526.053954.hdf VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  13. Aqua/MODIS ACSPO SST 23 May 2012 0800-0805 UTC – Night – Mapped onto 0.8km grid ACSPO_V2.10_AQUA_MODIS_2012-05-23_0800-0805_20120527.093405.hdf VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  14. Examples ACSPO SST Imagery: VIIRS vs. MODIS Great Britain and Ireland 26 May 2012 – Day VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  15. NPP/VIIRS ACSPO SST 26 May 2012 1250-1300 UTC – Day– Swath Projection ACSPO_V2.10_NPP_VIIRS_2012-05-26_1250-1300_20120529.075657.hdf VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  16. Aqua/MODIS ACSPO SST 26 May 2012 1300-1305 UTC – Day– Swath Projection ACSPO_V2.10_AQUA_MODIS_2012-05-26_1300-1304_20120527.215350.hdf VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  17. NPP/VIIRS ACSPO SST 26 May 2012 1250-1300 UTC – Day– Mapped onto 0.8km grid ACSPO_V2.10_NPP_VIIRS_2012-05-26_1250-1300_20120529.075657.hdf VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  18. Aqua/MODIS ACSPO SST 26 May 2012 1300-1305 UTC – Day– Mapped onto 0.8km grid ACSPO_V2.10_AQUA_MODIS_2012-05-26_1300-1304_20120527.215350.hdf VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  19. Wind Speed 26 May 2012 – Day – 1° gridded NCEP GFS VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  20. Cal/Val Tools for SSTs and Radiances SQUAM - SST Quality Monitor www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/sod/sst/squam/ • Monitor SST Products (L2, L3, L4) for Self- and Cross-Consistency; Validate against in situ SSTs (iQuam) iQuam - In situ Quality Monitor www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/sod/sst/iquam/ • QC in situ SSTs, Monitor on Web, Distribute to users • Input to SQUAM MICROS - Monitoring IR Clear-sky Radiances over Oceans for SST www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/sod/sst/micros/ • Monitor Clear-sky ocean radiances for Self- and Cross-Consistency; Validate against CRTM simulations VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  21. IDPS and ACSPO SST Monitoring in SST Quality Monitor (SQUAM) www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/sod/sst/squam/ VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  22. ACSPO – IDPS Comparisons • Use SST Quality Monitor - SQUAM www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/sod/sst/squam/ • Stratify Comparisons by Day and Night • Compare IDPS vs. ACSPO, globally, to ensure comparable • SST Domain • SST Performance Statistics • Methodology • Analyze VIIRS L2 minus reference L4 SST (OSTIA) • Difference expected to be near-zero & near-Gaussian • Cold anomalies likely indicate residual cloud/aerosol VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  23. DAY: ACSPO L2 minus OSTIA L4 31 December 2012 • Deviation from Reference SST is flat & close to 0 • Residual Cloud/Aerosol leakages seen as cold spots VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  24. DAY: IDPS L2 minus OSTIA L4 31 December 2012 • More Cloud leakages in IDPS than in ACSPO • “Limb Cooling” – due to SST equations/coefficients VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  25. DAY: ACSPO L2 minus OSTIA L4 31 December 2012 • Shape close to Gaussian • Domain and Performance Stats close to expected VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  26. DAY: IDPS L2 minus OSTIA L4 31 December 2012 • IDPS sample +25% larger compared to ACSPO • increased Min/Max, STDV/RSD & Larger fraction of outliers VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  27. DAY: ACSPO L2 minus in situ SST 31 December 2012 • Shape close to Gaussian • Domain and Performance Stats close to expected VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  28. DAY: IDPS L2 minus in situ SST 31 December 2012 • IDPS sample +51% larger compared to ACSPO • increased Min/Max, STDV/RSD & Larger fraction of outliers VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  29. DAY 31 December 2012 – Summary ΔT = “VIIRS minus OSTIA” SST (expected ~0) • IDPS SST domain +25% larger but all Stats degraded, compared to ACSPO • Gap between Conventional and Robust stats wider in IDPS - More outliers ΔT = “VIIRS minus in situ” SST (expected ~0) • IDPS SST domain is +51% larger but all Stats degraded, compared to ACSPO • Gap between Conventional and Robust stats wider in IDPS - More outliers VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  30. NIGHT STD DEV wrt. Reynolds L4 Warm-Up Cool-Down Event IDPS shows larger STD • AVHRR & MODIS SSTs are consistent • ACSPO VIIRS is consistent with MODIS & AVHRR • VIIRS EDR shows larger STD, out of spec • Large peaks due to suboptimal performance of Ice Mask VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  31. DAY STD DEV wrt. Reynolds L4 IDPS shows much larger STD Warm-Up Cool-Down Event • AVHRR & MODIS SSTs are consistent • ACSPO VIIRS is consistent with MODIS & AVHRR • VIIRS EDR shows much larger STD, out of spec • Large peaks due to suboptimal performance of Ice Mask VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  32. VIIRS, MODIS, and AVHRR Radiance Monitoring in MICROS VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  33. M-O Biases and Double Differences (“DD”) • Model minus Observation (“M-O”) Biases • M (Model) = Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) simulated TOA Brightness Temperatures (w/ Reynolds SST, GFS profiles as input) • O (Observation) = Clear-Sky sensor (AVHRR, MODIS, VIIRS) BTs • Double Differences (“DD”) for Cross-Platform Consistency • “M” used as a “Transfer Standard” • DDs cancel out/minimize effect of systematic errors & instabilities in BTs arising from e.g. • Errors/Instabilities in Reynolds SST & GFS • Missing aerosol • Possible systemic biases in CRTM • Updates to ACSPO algorithm SST EDR Beta

  34. Double Differences in IR11 (VIIRS M15) CRTM V2.1 implemented VIIRS recalibration Metop-B: out of family N16: unstable and out of family Liang, Ignatov: Stability & Radiometric Consistency between AVHRR, MODIS, and VIIRS in SST bands. JGR, 2013, submitted • All AVHRRs and NPP/VIIRS are consistent to within ±0.1K • VIIRS Cal change 7 Mar 2012 reset BT@M15 by +0.14K – now better in family • Terra and Aqua/MODIS out of family by 0.6K – due to suboptimal CRTM coefficients in V2.02 • Both were back in family after CRTM V2.1 implemented on Sep. 13, 2012 • Metop-A and –B are inconsistent by ~0.3 K, due to suboptimal CRTM coefficients used in CRTM V2.1 SST EDR Beta

  35. Double Differences in SST CRTM V2.1 implemented New Reg. Coeff. used VIIRS recalibration N16: unstable and out of family • All AVHRRs, MODISs and NPP/VIIRS SSTs are consistent to within ±0.1K • VIIRS Cal Change 7 Mar 2012: SST +0.10K – Out of family • New SST coefficients implemented 3 May 2012: SST -0.15K – Back in family • CRTM update resulted regression SSTs more noise, and the new coefficients have been implemented since Dec. 2012. More data is needed to understand their performance SST EDR Beta

  36. NPP launched – 28 Oct 2011 Nadir door open, 1st VIS imagery acquired – 21 Nov 2011 Cryoradiator doors open, 1st IR imagery acquired – 18 Jan 2012 BB Warm-Up Cool-Down anomalies resolve d – Mar 2012 IR Cal updated - 7 Mar 2012 VIIRS SDR (L1b) declared Beta Apr 2012, Provisional Jan 2013 VIIRS Radiances and Imagery are good for SST Joint analyses with SDR Team on improved IR Cal Underway NPP VIIRS Sensor Milestones VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  37. Feb 2013: IDPS SST Recommended for Beta Release with the following Caveats Beta product available to outside users via CLASS SST Data record available in CLASS from 22 Jan 2012 – onward is suboptimal and highly non-uniform VIIRS Radiances (SDR) and Imagery have reached a stable and accurate performance for SST VIIRS Cloud and Ice Masks performance for SST remain non-uniform and suboptimal Currently, SST EDR reports two SSTs – skin and bulk. (Identical with a0.17K constant offset). Work is underway to exclude bulk, and replace with firs guess SST SST shows limb cooling & degraded performance, due to suboptimal SST Regressions – being revisited SST QFs are suboptimal – being revisited SST EDR Beta

  38. Remaining SST Work Towards Provisional Work with VCM Team to fine-tune VIIRS Cloud Mask • Work underway with UW Andy Heidinger and Denis Botambekov Work with JPSS Cryo Team to improve Ice Mask • Also consider external ice mask available on Reynolds SST Redesign SST EDR per new L1RD • Only keep skin SST, and exclude bulk SST • Reuse bulk SST layer to store first-guess SST • Reformulate SST regression equations, to improve SST statistics and remove limb cooling at swath edges • Bring new 1st guess SST (daily Reynolds) into IDPS System (currently, GFS is used, based weekly Reynolds) Redesign SST Quality Flags • Current SST QFs are too restrictive – SST domain too small SST EDR Beta

  39. Status of ACSPO SST • Experimentally generated at STAR 22 Jan 2012 – pr • Sample data in hdf4 format available for download from ftp://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/pub/sod/sst/micros_data/granules/npp/ • Not GDS2 compliant yet • Ongoing developments • ACSPO v 2.30 planned for delivery in June 2013 • Will be GDS2 compliant • Plans for ACSPO operations • JPSS Data Exploitation (JDE) is planned to go operational in Sep 2013 • The ACSPO SST product will be archived with NODC/JPL • Reconciliation of IDPS and ACSPO • Discussions are underway to reconcile the two NOAA products – ACSPO and IDPS VIIRS SST - ACSPO and IDPS

  40. Back Up Slides SST EDR Beta

  41. Early release product Minimally validated May still contain significant errors Versioning not established until a baseline is determined Available to allow users to gain familiarity with data formats and parameters Product is not appropriate as the basis for quantitative scientific publication studies and applications Beta Maturity Definition SST EDR Beta

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