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International Trade

This guide covers essential topics in international trade relevant to Class 10 students. It discusses production possibilities, comparative and absolute advantage, and the importance of specialization in increasing world output. Key distinctions between free trade and fair trade are outlined, including arguments for and against trade protections like tariffs, quotas, and embargoes. Furthermore, the document explores various trade agreements and their roles in global economics. A focus is placed on real-world implications, such as currency fluctuations and their impact on foreign exchange.

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International Trade

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  1. International Trade Class 10

  2. The production possibilities frontier • Australia can produce either 100 Agricultural products or 50 electronic products • Malaysia can produce either 40 agricultural products or 50 electronic products.

  3. World Output • The need to specialize! • When countries specialize world output increases.

  4. Comparative advantage. • The ability of a country to price a good at a lower opportunity cost than another country. • The ability of a country to produce a good using a fewer resources than another country. Absolute Advantage.

  5. Free trade vs Fair Trade • Free Trade – The flow of good and services between countries without restrictions. • Fair Trade – a county should only reduce its barriers to entry if the other country does not have some sort of “unfair competitive” advantage. And also provided that the other country also reduces its trade barriers. • Type of protections • Embargo • Tariff • Quota

  6. Common arguments for protection • The infant industry argument • New domestic industries need protection because it is not yet ready to compete. • National Security argument. • A nation should not be dependent on other countries for defense. • Employment argument. • Job increases in protected industries. • Cheap foreign labor argument. • Other countries have cheaper labour, it is difficult to compete.

  7. Free Trade Agreements • ASEAN – Association of South Eastern Asian Nations • EEC – European Economic Community • NAFTA – North American Free Trade Agreement. • APEC – Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation.

  8. Supply and Demand for foreign exchange. • When the SL Rupee is low or depreciates. • Sri-Lankan goods and services will cost foreign consumers less. • Foreigners will buy more SL products. • For Sri-Lankans foreign products become more expensive. • When the SL rupee is high or appreciates. • SL goods will cost foreign consumers more. • Foreigners will buy less SL products • Sri-Lankans will buy more foreign products.

  9. 4 shifts in supply and demand of a currency. • Taste and Preference. • Relative Incomes • Relative Price levels • Relative Real Interest Rates • Depreciation – A fall in the price of one currency relative to another • Appreciate – A rise in the price of one currency relative to another.

  10. THANK YOU!!! • THE END!!!!!! • Well almost 

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