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Cold War Strategies

Cold War Strategies. Avoiding Nuclear War Intervention Containment by military means Détente Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior. 1. Intervention. The Dilemma How do you contain communist military aggression without risking a nuclear war?. Korean War 1950-53.

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Cold War Strategies

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  1. Cold War Strategies Avoiding Nuclear War • Intervention • Containment by military means • Détente • Containment by engagement and management of Soviet behavior

  2. 1. Intervention The Dilemma How do you contain communist military aggression without risking a nuclear war?

  3. Korean War 1950-53 • Limited War • Goals • Weapons • Geography • Talk and Fight

  4. Viet Nam (after 1954)

  5. Strategic Logic Domino Theory

  6. N. Vietnamese Strategy • Classic Guerrilla Warfare • Mao Zedong • “a guerrilla wins by not losing” • Insurgency • Backed by USSR • “Wars of National Liberation”

  7. Ho Chi Minh Trail

  8. Containment and Domestic Politics JFK LBJ

  9. The Dilemma of Viet Nam Can’t lose South Viet Nam Can’t do what we need to win Korea WW III? Solution Limited War Coercive Diplomacy (Bombing)

  10. From LBJ to Nixon LBJ says Goodbye Nixon’s War

  11. Shadow of Viet Nam Limits of US Power and Force Wisdom of Intervention Difficulties of Nation Building Nationalism Public Opinion

  12. Congress challenges President • War Powers Resolution 1973 (PL 93-148) (from Federation of American Scientists , see Appendix 3) • Clark Amendment to Arms Export Control Act 1976

  13. End of US Foreign Policy Consensus? Truman Doctrine: Consensus L R Post-Viet Nam: Polarization

  14. Viet Nam Syndrome http://pewresearch.org/pubs/432/iraq-and-vietnam-a-crucial-difference-in-opinion

  15. 2. Détente The Dilemma How do you contain and compete with the USSR after Korea and Viet Nam

  16. Cuban Missile Crisis 1962

  17. Nixon and His Key Foreign Policy Adviser Nixon and Henry Kissinger

  18. Nixon-Kissinger Decision Making RN-HAK Process Nixon Kissinger NSC Staff

  19. Why Détente? Strategic parity Sino-Soviet Split Viet Nam Syndrome

  20. Strategic Parity Stockpiles

  21. Sino-Soviet Split USSR Nikita Leonid Khrushchev Brezhnev 1956-1964 1964-1982 PRC Mao Zedong 1949-1976

  22. Viet Nam Syndrome Nixon recognizes this: Nixon Doctrine Remarks July 25, 1969 (see Q and A) Address to the nation, Nov. 3, 1969

  23. Detente Still containment New Goal: Change USSR behavior Old-school Balance of Power

  24. Arms Control Policy Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, May 1972 • Interim Agreement on Offensive Arms • Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty

  25. 2. Triangular Diplomacy US USSRPRC

  26. Kissinger to China, July 1971

  27. Nixon-Mao Summit in China, February 1972 Shanghai Communique

  28. China and Taiwan

  29. Detente Successes • Management of arms race • Management of US-Soviet global competition • Opening to China • Nixon hailed as a foreign policy genius • Kissinger wins Nobel Peace Prize

  30. Détente Collapses:Ford and Carter

  31. Carter Human Rights Focus But… • Iran • South Korea • China

  32. SALT II

  33. Carter Advisors Sec State Cyrus Vance NS Adv. Zbigniew Brzezinski

  34. Iranian Revolution Shah of Iran Mohammed Reza Pahlevi Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini

  35. November 4, 1979

  36. December 1979

  37. “Arc of Crisis”

  38. Détente Ends • Carter Gets Tough • SALT II Dies • Defense Buildup • Carter Doctrine • Rescue Mission • Vance resigns

  39. Rescue Mission April 1980

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