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CP Kingdom Protista

CP Kingdom Protista. Chapter 19. Quiz Self Quiz. 1. Have you ever eaten ice cream? 2. Have you ever brushed your teeth  ? 3. Have you ever eaten sushi? 4. Have you ever seen red tide? 5. Are you of Irish heritage?. Questions you need to know….

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CP Kingdom Protista

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  1. CPKingdom Protista Chapter 19

  2. Quiz Self Quiz • 1. Have you ever eaten ice cream? • 2. Have you ever brushed your teeth ? • 3. Have you ever eaten sushi? • 4. Have you ever seen red tide? • 5. Are you of Irish heritage?

  3. Questions you need to know… • 1. What are the general characteristics of Protists? • 2. What are the 3 types of Protist? (and some examples) • 3. What makes Protists weird?!?!

  4. Classification

  5. What is a Protist? • Classified in Kingdom Protista • “Protista”means “very first” • Evolved 1.5 billion years ago • Are like Plants, Animals and Fungi but aren’t • Why is this name fitting? • Protists are the simplest Eukaryotes • Nucleus and Membrane Bound Organelles • Domain Eukarya • Evolutionarily – could have been “ancestor” eukaryote organism

  6. Protists are Weird!

  7. Classification • Classified by how they get energy • Animal Like Protists - Heterotrophic • MustEAT their food • Movearound like animals • Unicellular UNLIKE Kingdom Animalia • Plant Like Protists - Autotrophic • MAKE their own food • Lack organs/parts UNLIKE Kingdom Plantae 3.Fungal Like Protists – Decomposers/Parasites • ABSORB their food externally. • Lack chitin and have centrioles UNLIKE Kingdom Fungi

  8. Animal-Like Protists • Once called Protozoans–“First Animals” • Make up 70 Percent of all Human Parasites • Why not animals? Unicellular! • 4 Groups based on how they move 1.Zooflagellates use flagellato move 2. Pseudopods move by extension in cytoplasm 3. Ciliates use cilia to move 4.Sporozoans do not move at all

  9. Zooflagellates • Movement: flagella • Eating: Through cell membrane • Ex: Trypanosoma – African Sleeping Sickness

  10. 2. Pseudopods • Movement: Pseudopods • Eating: Endocytosis through pseudopods • Structures: • Contractile Vacuole – controls water in cell • Food vacuole – holds food • Ex: Amoeba proteus • Ex: Amoeba enteraus

  11. Amoeba in Action • How does it move? • How does it eat?

  12. 3. CilliatesEx: Paramecium • Movement: Cilia • Eating: Oral groove  gullet • Structures: micro and macro nuclei, food vacuole, contractile vacuole • Neat fact: Swap micronuclei during conjugation = sexual reproduction

  13. Paramecia in Action

  14. 4. Sporozoans • Movement: Can’t move on their own (need a host) • Eating: through membrane • Neat facts: • Obligate parasites • Complex life cycles that involve many hosts • Ex: Plasmodium, Causes Malaria

  15. Fungus-Like Protists • Like Fungi: • Heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from dead or decaying organic matter. • Recycle nutrients • Unlike fungi: fungus-like protists have centrioles and lack chitin in their cell wall. • The fungus-like protists include: • 1. Cellular slime molds • 2. Acellular (Plasmodial) slime molds • 3. Water molds

  16. 1. Cellular Slime Molds • Movement: oozes along the ground like amoeba; spread spores • Eating: Absorb food through • Facts: • Spend their life as an independent individual that feeds, grows, and divides by cell division

  17. Cellular Slime Molds in Action • http://www.princeton.edu/main/news/archive/S26/40/20I71/index.xml?section=mm-featured

  18. Reproduction in Cellular Slime Molds:

  19. 2. Acellular (Plasmodial) Slime Molds • Eating: absorb food • Movement: oozes along ground like an amoeba; can release spores • Fact: • Cells can fuse to produce plasmodia(a mass of cytoplasm that contains many diploid nuclei but no cell walls or membranes). THE MOVING, FEEDING FORM OF A PLASMODIAL SLIME MOLD IS A MULTINUCLEATE BLOB OF CYTOPLASM – THIS IS THE FEEDING STAGE OF THE LIFE CYCLE

  20. Reproduction in Acellular Slime Molds:

  21. Acellular Slime Mold Fuligo septica (dog’s vomit slime mold)

  22. 3. Water Molds • Eating: absorbs nutrients • Movement: spores • Facts: Phythora infestans – water mold that caused Irish Potato Famine

  23. Plant Like Protists • Main Characteristic: Chlorophyll • Green Pigment- traps light, carries outphotosynthesis • Evolved from symbiosisof photosynthetic bacteria and larger, heterotrophic bacteria • Commonly called “Algae” • Many contain cell wall like plants • Lack plant organs/parts • Classification • Unicellular – unique characteristics – 3 types • Multicellular – type of pigments (color) – 3 types

  24. Plant-Like Protists (Algae)

  25. Plant-Like Protists: Unicellular Algae • The 3 Types: • 1. Euglenoids 2. Dinoflagellates 3. Diatoms

  26. 1. Euglenoids • Movement: Flagella • Energy: Can eat (using gullet); can photosynthesize (using chloroplast) • Structures: • Flagella, Eyespot (detects light), chloroplast, pellicle (like a cell wall) • Facts: • Considered the most “animal like” plant like protist • Ex: Euglena gracilalis

  27. 2. Dinoflagellates • Movement: Flagella • Energy: Can be photosynthetic using chloroplasts or can eat • Facts: can produce toxins (red tide); are bioluminscent • Ex: Karenia brevis (causes red tide)

  28. 3. Diatoms • Movement: Floats • Structures: silicon cell wall (glass like) • Facts: cell walls ground and used in toothpaste; bioluminescent, produce lots of O2

  29. Bioluminescent Diatoms!

  30. Multicellular Plant-Like Protists: Red, Brown, and Green Algae • The 3 phyla of algae that are largely multicellular are commonly known as: • 4. red algae • 5. brown algae • 6. green algae • A major difference among these phyla are their photosynthetic pigments.

  31. 4. Red algae • Structures: Chloroplasts, phycobilin pigments • Facts: • Live at deep depths • phycobilins absorb blue light (reflect red) • Carageenan – red algae compound in foods – “gel” • Ex: Chondrus crispus (irish moss)

  32. Red Algae Chondrus crispus (Irish moss)

  33. 5. Brown Algae • Structures: chlorophyll a and c, as well as a brown accessory pigment, fucoxanthin (foo-co-zan-thin) • Facts: • live in cool, shallow, coastal marine waters • Can grow LARGE • Examples: giant kelp

  34. Brown Algae Giant kelp

  35. 6. Green Algae • Structures: • Chlorophyll a and c • Cellulose cell wall • Starch storage vacuoles • Facts: • Can be uni or multi celled • Ancestor of modern plants • Some are single cells (ex: Chlamydomonas) • Some form colonies (ex: Volvox) • Some are multi-cellular (ex: Ulva)

  36. Green Algae Spirogyra Multicellular green algae Chlamhydomonas unicellular green algae Volvox colonial green algae Ulva multicellular green algae

  37. Ecology of Plant-Like Protists • Produce 90% of all oxygen on earth! • Phytoplankton = bottom of food chain • Human foods • Ice creams • Chocolate • Sushi • Plastics • Waxes • Paints • Agar • Can release toxin & choke environment – algae bloom

  38. Summary • In a well developed paragraph, answer the question: “Why are Protists weird?” • Use the following vocabulary correctly in your response: • eukaryotic, heterotrophic, autotrophic, parasitic, decomposers, unicellular, multicellular

  39. Pond Water Lab Review • 1. Imagine you find an organism that eats food, has a gullet, micronucleus and macronucleus, and moves using cilia. Based on these characteristics… – • a. is it animal-like, plant-like or fungi-like? • b. circle which of the following it could be: euglena, paramecium, amoeba, green algae

  40. Pond Water Lab Review • 2. Imagine you find an organism that eats food and moves uses pseudopods. Based on these characteristics… • a. is it animal-like, plant-like or fungi-like? • b. circle which of the following it could be: euglena, paramecium, amoeba, green algae

  41. Pond Water Lab Review • 3. Imagine you find an organism that can make its own food using chloroplasts as well as eat food using its gullet. It has an eyespot that senses light and a flagellum to move. Based on these characteristics… • a. is it animal-like, plant-like, or fungi-like? • b. circle which of the following it could be: euglena, paramecium, amoeba, green algae

  42. 4. Pond Water Lab • 4. Imagine you find an organism that makes its own food using chlorophyll within chloroplasts and is never heterotrophic. It has a cell wall made of cellulose and stores its food as starch. Based on these characteristics… • a. it is animal-like, plant-like, or fungi-like? • b. circle which of the following it could be: euglena, paramecium, amoeba, green algae

  43. CPKINGDOM FUNGI Ch 19 “NO, THEY ARE NOT PLANTS”

  44. What is a fungus?(answer this question in your own words)

  45. Ubiquitous Decompose HETEROTROPHIC Some are parasitic, some are mutualistic Have plant & animal characteristics Kind of PLANT-Like = many are anchored in the ground; cell walls (but NOT of cellulose) Kind of ANIMAL-Like = Heterotrophic On the living and on dead Parasites Saprobes General Characteristics of Fungi

  46. Fungi General Characteristics • Mostly multicellular • Yeast unicellular • They have a nucleus • Many have multiple nuclei • Much of their lifecycle is haploid! • They have a cell wall • Made of chitin – a protein/carb complex • Digestion is EXTRACELLULAR! • They secrete an enzyme that breaks down nutrients THEN they take them in • NO PHOTOSYNTHESIS!

  47. FUNGI STRUCTURE • Basic Unit = hyphae (fuzzy) • Hyphae can grow as individual cells or may fuse together • there are different types of hyphae • some for reproduction, some for growth, some for stability (sturdy) • Hyphae that form a web and work together = Mycelium

  48. More about their structure…. • The visible part of a fungus is only a very small part of the mycelium…. ….most is underground or in the food source it is on/in

  49. FUNGI REPRODUCTION Some reproduce asexually, some sexually – most both • Asexual reproduction • Fragmentation/budding, • Spores (clones) • Spores can be thick walled & resist water loss (ie, the fungus won't dry out) • Sexual reproduction • haploid +/- hyphae fusion  diploid gametangium • meiosis  haploid spores  haploid organism

  50. Reproduction in Fungi

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