1. Classifying Matter

2. Pure Substances Contains only 1 type of matter, always homogeneous Components all have same chemical and physical properties separate into components based on chemical properties Mixtures: Physical blend of 2 or more substances May contain more than 1 type of matter Homogeneous: only 1 type of matter Heterogeneous: may be more than 1 type of matter Individual components retain their own chemical and physical properties separate into components based on physical properties Pure Substances vs. Mixtures

3. What you need to know about Physical Separations A. What type of mixture is it used for? B. A description of the process being used. C. What physical property is being taken advantage of?

4. Hand Separation A. Separates heterogeneous mixtures of solids B. Can be hand-picking, sifting, or using a magnet. C. Based on the physical properties of color, size, or magnetism

5. Hand Separation

6. Filtration A. Separates heterogeneous mixtures: insoluble solids from liquids B. Filter paper in placed in a funnel and the mixture is poured through. The insoluble solid stays on the paper and the liquid passes through. C. Based on solubility (or lack of) and state of matter.

7. Filtration

8. Evaporation A. Separates homogeneous mixtures of dissolved solids and water B. Mixture is heated until the water is driven off and the solid is left behind. C. Based on differences in boiling point (water is lower than solid)

9. Evaporation www.school-for-champions.com/.../evaporation.htm

10. Distillation A. Separates homogeneous mixtures of heat tolerant liquids B. Mixture is heated until the boiling point of the more volatile substance is reached (one with lower boiling point). When this turns to a gas it will travel down a condensing tube where it reforms as a liquid in a separate vessel. C. Based on differences in boiling point.

11. Distillation

12. Distillation and Moonshine http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.apptrav.com/popcorn-sutton.jpg&imgre

13. Chromatography A. Separates homogenous mixtures of liquids that are sensitive to heat. B. Two basic types, paper and column C. Both are based on the ability of substance to adhere to a solid.

14. Paper Chromatography • Used for colored substances, like inks, or pigments • The mobile phase (water) flows through the stationary phase (paper) and carries the components of the mixture with it. Different components travel at different rates, leaving a colored mark when they stop.

15. Paper Chromatography www.chesterfield.k12.sc.us/.../BiologyICP.html

16. Column Chromatography • Can be used for colored or clear substances • In column chromatography, the stationary phase, a solid matrix, is placed in a vertical glass (usually) column and the mobile phase, the mixture, is added and flows down through the column (by either gravity or external pressure)

17. Column Chromatography orgchem.colorado.edu/.../colchromproc.html

18. Centrifugation A. Separates heterogeneous mixtures, solids and liquids or liquids with different densities B. The centripetal force generated by a rapidly spinning rotor forces the heavier substance to the bottom of the test tube. C. Based on differences in densities.

19. Centrifugation Red Blood Cells Ref: www.academic.marist.edu/.../Intro3.html

20. Crystallization A. Separates homogenous mixtures of crystalline solids from solution B. Solution is heated to dissolve the soluble compounds, then cooled to form the crystals. Impurities are excluded from the growing crystal C. Based on differences in solubility and the ability to form a crystal.

21. Crystallization jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jkn/235A-Appendix.htm