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Birth and Post-natal Development

Birth and Post-natal Development. Unit 2 The Continuation of Life. Lesson Aims. To examine the function of oxytocin To find out about the composition of colostrum To examine growth curves and the two major growth spurts

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Birth and Post-natal Development

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  1. Birth and Post-natal Development Unit 2 The Continuation of Life

  2. Lesson Aims • To examine the function of oxytocin • To find out about the composition of colostrum • To examine growth curves and the two major growth spurts • To look at the function of human growth hormone and the effects of under- and over-production • To study the effects of steriod use

  3. Birth Oxytocin: • Produced by pituitary gland • Brings about uterine contractions during labour • stimulates contractions of mammary gland muscle tissue resulting in milk ejection • Labour can be induced by injection of oxytocin

  4. Nutrition • Prolactin stimulates lactation • Colostrum – first milk. Yellowish fluid rich in antibodies • Normal breast milk – fewer antibodies, rich in lactose and fat. May contain organochlorides from mother’s diet

  5. Growth

  6. Changes during Adolescence

  7. Human Growth Hormone (GH) • secreted by the pituitary gland • stimulates the growth of bones (especially the long bones of the body in the arms and legs) and cartilage and promotes protein synthesis. • growth spurt which takes place during adolescence is due to an increased production of GH

  8. Pituitary Dwarfism • An under-production of GH during adolescence leads to a reduction in growth • Nowadays if a child is diagnosed with this condition they can be given GH which has been produced by genetic engineering.

  9. Giantism • An over-production of GH during adolescence leads to an abnormal increase in growth, especially in the long bones

  10. Acromegaly • Production of growth hormone normally decreases once adolescence is completed. • If excessive GH production occurs in adulthood, an abnormal increase in the bones of the hands, feet and jaw (not the long bones) occurs

  11. Steroids • Anabolic steroids – male sex hormones and derivatives • Muscle mass and strength increased • In men, leads to temporary sterility • In women, leads to masculine traits

  12. What you should know • p10 from “the pituitary hormone oxytocin…” • to “at puberty males increase in height”

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