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Idiopathic (Infant) Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Idiopathic (Infant) Respiratory Distress Syndrome. RT 256. IRDS. Also Called:. Pathophysiology. neonatal respiratory distress syndrome respiratory distress syndrome of newborn hyaline membrane disease. Surfactant deficiency or abnormality Pulmonary hypoperfusion due to hypoxia  PPHN.

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Idiopathic (Infant) Respiratory Distress Syndrome

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  1. Idiopathic (Infant) Respiratory Distress Syndrome RT 256

  2. IRDS Also Called: Pathophysiology neonatal respiratory distress syndrome respiratory distress syndrome of newborn hyaline membrane disease Surfactant deficiency or abnormality Pulmonary hypoperfusion due to hypoxia PPHN

  3. Etiology • Predisposed in: • Cesarean birth • Diabetic mother • Maternal bleeding • Premature birth • Prenatal asphyxia • Prolonged labor or Rapid labor • Second-born twin or sibling with IRDS • caucasian males

  4. Presentation • Clinical signs of respiratory distress • ABG’s show hypoxemia, hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis • Symptoms within the first 8 hours of life • Peak usually by third day • “ground glass” appearance of the CXR

  5. Management • Antenatal glucocorticoids (steroids) • Surfactant replacement therapy • Empiric antibiotic therapy • Thermoregulation • Avoid hypoxemia and acidosis • PaO2 50-70mmHg • Optimize fluid management • Reduce metabolic demands • Minimize lung injury • CPAP • Vt 4-5ml/kg • PEEP

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