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ASTR 2010 Cosmology

This lecture explores Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), including quasars and Seyfert galaxies, outlining their formation theories and characteristics. Concepts like supermassive black holes in galactic cores, gravitational collapse, and the merging of stellar-mass black holes are discussed. The role of jets, accretion disks, and radio emissions is examined, alongside the concept of redshift in QSO spectra. Additionally, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is analyzed, focusing on its implications for understanding the universe's history and the dynamics of cosmic structure.

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ASTR 2010 Cosmology

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Presentation Transcript

  1. ASTR 2010 Cosmology • Week 11: • Lecture 30 (5 Nov. 2012) • black-holes, quasars, • active galactic nuclei …

  2. Active Galactic • Nuclei (AGN) • Quasars • Seyferts • radio galaxies

  3. Black Holes Super-massive black holes: (M > 106 - 1010 Mo ) Galactic cores => Formation in Big Bang? Gravitational collapse of proto-galaxies? Merging of stellar-mass black holes? - Quasars: (radio loud) - Radio galaxies - quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) (radio quiet) - Type I and Tpe II Seyfert galaxies L ~ 109 - 1015 Lo from regions < 1 pc is size Radio jets Variable X-ray & gamma ray sources

  4. Kerr black-hole: Rotation.Accretion of matter: jets from accretion disk surrounding black hole

  5. Galaxy collisions: dynamic friction starbursts => BHs, jets form during core collapse of massive star to black hole

  6. Centaurus A: nearest radio galaxy / AGN

  7. Centaurus A: IR

  8. Centaurus A: X-ray

  9. Centaurus A: composite

  10. M87: ellipticalradio galaxy / jet

  11. Radio Galaxy • Doppler boosting of jets

  12. Hydrogen spectrum: redshifted

  13. QSO spectra: redshifted

  14. Barred Spiral : NGC1097 HST

  15. Hydrogen spectrum: redshifted

  16. AGN spectra: BL Lac, Seyfert I, II, LINERs, BLRG, NLRG

  17. Lyman- forest: red shifted H n = 2 -> 1

  18. ASTR 2010 Cosmology • Week 11: • Lecture 31 (7 Nov. 2012) • Midterm Review

  19. Lyman- forest: red shifted H n = 2 -> 1 Lower Z neutral H in front of QSO absorbs ! Z = 4.2

  20. Lyman- forest: red shifted H n = 2 -> 1 Lower Z neutral H in front of QSO absorbs ! Z = 6.8

  21. AGN spectra: X-rayto radio !

  22. AGN spectra: X-rayto radio !

  23. The entire Sky at Infrared Wavelengths:

  24. Cosmic Microwave Background (Our Cosmic Horizon) 2.73 K Black Body Remove constant background (2.728 K): => Sun’s motion ~ 600 km/s toward Virgo (Doppler shift)

  25. Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Remove Solar motion CMB + Galactic Plane dust Remove model of dust emission => True CMB

  26. Cosmic Microwave Background (Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe - WMAP) The Universe 380,000 yrs after Bib Bang (13.7 billion years ago!) Then: 1/2 temperature of Sun’s surface Today: 3 C above absolute 0!

  27. The Cosmic Microwave Background

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