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Titration Expt. Overview

Titration Expt. Overview. Day 1: You will create a ~0.1 M NaOH solution Day 2: You will standardize your solution of NaOH by titrating it with a solid acid, KHP Purpose: To verify your [ NaOH ] up to 3 SF It should be close to 0.100 M NaOH

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Titration Expt. Overview

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  1. Titration Expt. Overview • Day 1: You will create a ~0.1 M NaOH solution • Day 2: You will standardize your solution of NaOH by titrating it with a solid acid, KHP • Purpose: To verify your [NaOH] up to 3 SF • It should be close to 0.100 M NaOH • Day 3: You will titrate your now known concentration of NaOH with an unknown concentration of HCl • Purpose: To determine the [HCl]

  2. Day 1: Making a NaOH solution • You and your partner will make 250 mL of a ~0.1 M NaOH solution • How will you do this? What do you need to know? What equipment do you need? • Remember, M = mol/L • Measure NaOH mass using a balance and dissolve in 250.0 mL distilled water together in a volumetric flask • Calculate and record exact [NaOH] in M (mol/L) • 3 SF • Should be close to 0.100 M, but won’t be exact

  3. Day 2: Standardization of NaOH(aq) • Purpose: To verify your [NaOH] by reacting (titrating) it with an known acid, KHP (PHTH) Buret w/ base Faint pink tinge… Use white paper underneath to see better ~0.1 M NaOH Flask w/ acid and PHTH ind. ~0.3 g KHP in ~75 mL H2O

  4. Day 2: Standardization of NaOH(aq) • Purpose: To verify your [NaOH] by reacting (titrating) it with an known acid, KHP To neutralize… mol H+= mol OH- • Acid = ~0.3 g solid KHP (potassium hydrogen phthlate) • mass g KHC8H4O4  mol KHP = mol H+ • Recall M = mol/L, so mol OH- = M OH· L OH therefore… mol H+ = M OH · L OH • Do one dry run  ball park amount NaOH • Do at least two good trials, if not three • Averageyour [NaOH] results

  5. Day 3: Titration of HCl(aq) with NaOH(aq) • Purpose: To determine unknown [HCl] by reacting (titrating) it with known base, NaOH Buret w/ base ~0.1 M NaOH Flask w/ acid and ind. Blue Overshoot (too basic) Yellow ~ 15 mL of ? M HCl Green Endpoint Use white paper underneath to see better

  6. Day 2: Standardization of NaOH(aq) • Purpose: To verify your [NaOH] by reacting (titrating) it with an known acid, KHP To neutralize… mol H+= mol OH- • Acid = ~0.3 g solid KHP (potassium hydrogen phthlate) • mass g KHC8H4O4  mol KHP = mol H+ • Recall M = mol/L, so mol OH- = M OH· L OH therefore… mol H+ = M OH · L OH • Do one dry run  ball park amount NaOH • Do at least two good trials, if not three • Averageyour [NaOH] results

  7. Lab Report • Typed (calculations may be hand-written) • Sections • Overview (3-5 sentences) • Procedure • Day 1: Making NaOH solution • Day 2: Titration (Standardization) with KHP • Day 3: Titration with HCl • Data Tables • Show organized data for all three days of expt. (include dry run data and label as such) • Include related data table with each day’s procedure • Calculations • Show all calculations (no need to use dry run data) • Include related calculations with each day’s procedure • Written portions should be: • 3rd person • Passive voice • Past tense

  8. strong acid + strong base  salt + HOH product pH = 7… use bromothymol blue yellow (acid), green (neutral), blue (base) HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq)  NaCl (aq) + HOH (l) [H+] = 0.50 M [OH-] = ? M ~ 15 -20 mL VB Measure both V in expt. (to the nearest 0.00 mL) Trials • (Dry Run)… calculations unimportant (ball park numbers) Calculate [OH-] for trials 2-4 and then average

  9. Equivalence Ptmol H+ = mol OH- Strong Acid/Strong Base Titration HCl + NaOH  H2O + NaCl Titrate with Bromthymol Blue At this point, everything is water, Na+ and Cl-, so the pH = 7 pH Overshoot Endpoint mL of base

  10. Weak Acid/Strong Base Titration

  11. Weak acid + strong base  weak base + HOH product pH > 7… use phenolphthalein (PHTH) clear  acid pink  base HCH3COO (aq) + NaOH (aq)  NaCH3COO (aq) + HOH (l) (acetic acid, 0.24 M (Na+ (aq) + i.e. vinegar) VB CH3COO-(aq)) [H+] = ? ~ 3-5 mL Trials • (Dry Run)… calculations unimportant (ball park numbers)

  12. Equivalence Ptmol H+ = mol OH- Weak Acid/Strong Base Titration HC2H3O2 + NaOH  H2O + NaC2H3O2 Titrate with Phenolphthalein BUFFERING REGION HC2H3O2 C2H3O2 - + H+ At this point, the solution contains water, Na+, and C2H3O2 -, so the pH > 7. pH Endpoint Overshoot mL of base

  13. Equivalence Ptmol H+ = mol OH- Weak Base/Strong Acid Titration HCl + NH4OH  H2O + NH4Cl Titrate with Methyl Orange NH3 + H+ NH4+ BUFFERING REGION At this point, the solution contains water, Cl-, and NH4+, so the pH < 7. pH Endpoint Overshoot mL of acid

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