1 / 17

Respiratory System Physiology

Respiratory System Physiology. Respiratory Physiology. All tissues receive adequate Oxygen supply Prompt removal of Carbon Dioxide Efficient regulation of gas exchange Acid – Base balance Water balance. What is Breathing?. Pulmonary Ventilation – “Breathing”

axl
Télécharger la présentation

Respiratory System Physiology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Respiratory System Physiology

  2. Respiratory Physiology • All tissues receive adequate Oxygen supply • Prompt removal of Carbon Dioxide • Efficient regulation of gas exchange • Acid – Base balance • Water balance

  3. What is Breathing? • PulmonaryVentilation – “Breathing” • Inspiration – movement of air into the system • Expiration – movement of air out of the system • “Air” moves from an area of high concentration of molecules (high pressure) to an area of low concentration of molecules (low pressure) • Pressure is the normal force per unit area exerted on a surface in a fluid or a gas

  4. BREATHINGMECHANISM

  5. Therefore…….. • When the atmospheric pressure is greater than the pressure in the lungs (alveoli), then air flows into lungs (down the pressure gradient) – this is inspiration • When the pressure in the lungs (alveoli) is greater then the pressure in the atmosphere, then air flows out of the lungs (down the pressure gradient) – this is expiration

  6. Breathing • Body changes the size of thoracic cavity by contraction and relaxation of respiratory muscles. • Diaphragm • Intercostals

  7. Gas Laws: Boyle’s Law • Boyle’s Law is changing in volume • Gas’s volume (V) is inversely proportional to its pressure (P) P1V1 = P2V2 (Assuming Constant Temperature) • When volume of a container increase, then pressure in the container decreases, air flows into the container.

  8. Boyle’s Law • Boyle's Law Explanation

  9. Contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles - increases thoracic volume, air flows into lungs (inspiration, p. 712) • Relaxation of diaphragm and intercostal muscles decreases thoracic volume, air flow out of lungs (expiration, p. 713)

  10. Gas Laws: Charles Law • Charles Law – changes in temperature. • Gas’s volume (V) is directly proportional to temperature (T) when pressure is constant. • As volume increases, temperature increases

  11. NON RESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS Coughing, sneezing, laughing, crying Hiccup - spasm of the diaphragm Yawn - possibly causes by low oxygen levels

  12. Respiratory Air Volumes • Spirometer • measures the amount (volume) of air moving in and out of the lungs • Respiratory Cycle:1 inspiration and 1 expiration

  13. Tidal Volume (TV)  • amount of air that enters the lungs during one cycle • *take a normal breath • Reserve volumes (RV) • air that can be forced out or in • *inhale normally, pause, and try to inhale more - that is your reserve inspiratory volume • *exhale, then exhale a little more

  14. Vocabulary • ExpiratoryReserveVolume (ERV) – volume of air one can forcibly expire after expiring tidal air • InspiratoryReserveVolume (IRV) – volume of air one can forcibly inspire above normal inspiration

  15. More Vocabulary • Residualvolume – the amount of air that cannot be forcibly expired. Some air is trapped in alveoli and not removed • VitalCapacity is the sum of IRV + TV + ERV. It is the largest volume of air one can move in and out of the lungs. • Inspiratorycapacity (IC) – maximal amount of air one can inspire after a normal expiration (TV + IRV)

  16. OMG Even More Vocabulary • FunctionalResidualCapacity (FRC) – Amount of air left in the lungs at the end of normal expiration • AlveolarVentilation – Volume of air that reaches the alveoli due to inspiration. • AnatomicalDeadSpace – area of the respiratory system that fills with air, but gas exchange does not take place (such as bronchioles, trachea)

  17. Gas Law: Dalton’s Law • The pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of the individual components of the gas mixture • Air is not one molecule but a mixture of several each at different concentrations. • Remember from Chemistry: Concentration is the amount of solute in a given amount of solution

More Related