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The Empires of Islam

The Empires of Islam. Case studies during the age of Global Interdependence (1500-1800). Islamic Empires. Began as “warrior principalities” Expanded at varying rates with varying success. As they grow they evolved across the five themes. Osman Bey: the founder of the Empire 1289-1923

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The Empires of Islam

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  1. The Empires of Islam Case studies during the age of Global Interdependence (1500-1800)

  2. Islamic Empires • Began as “warrior principalities” • Expanded at varying rates with varying success. • As they grow they evolved across the five themes

  3. Osman Bey: the founder of the Empire 1289-1923 Ghazi: warriors for the faith The Ottoman Turks

  4. Professional light and heavy cavalry Devshirme system: training of a highly capable military bureacracy Janissaries Ottoman Military Might

  5. Known for valor, discipline, and courage. Janissaries

  6. Janissaries were amongst the first groups to open their ranks to new technology such as gunpowder.

  7. Nowhere was the new technology more evident than in the Ottoman destruction of Constantinople Siege of Constantinople

  8. Under Selim the Grim they occupied Egypt and Syria. Under Sulieyman they expanded into the old Abbasid domain and even into Europe Battle of Mohacs Ottoman Expansion

  9. Gunpowder to the Seas • Under Suleyman they became a major naval power. Victories such as Lepanta and Preveza were common.

  10. The Safavids

  11. Shah Ismail • An empire won • Twelver Shiism

  12. Military movement. “Invincible movement” Persecuted by Ottomans Qizilbash

  13. Chaldiran saw great damage done to the Safavid state…it wasn’t destroyed, but it was bad. Saved by Abbas the Great Chaldiran

  14. Moved capital to Isfahan (artistic and cultural revolution) Reformed government and military. Allied with Europe against Ottomans. Abbas the Great

  15. The Mughal Age 16th–18th Century India An apex of Indian cultural traditions

  16. Babur Muslim emperor from Central Asia who used “leapfrog” tactics to conquer Northern India and crush the Dehli Sultanate. Zahir ud din Muhammad

  17. Nearly always possessed smaller forces. Extraordinary lineage. Life devoted to conquest. Babur

  18. “intelligent but lazy” Lacked his fathers “will”. Forced to flee to Persia in 1540. A key turning point. Reconquered Dehli with Persian help. Humayun

  19. Born during Humayun’s exile in Persia. Extremely intelligent and inquisitive. “A monarch should be ever intent on conquest, otherwise his neighbors rise in arms against him.” Akbar the Great

  20. Created the greatest Indian empire since the Mauryan dynasty. Gave the impression of centralization, but it was actually decentralized kingdoms under the sheer force and dominance of his persona. Akbar

  21. Like the Ottomans they used artillery to consolidate their political control. Gunpowder Empire

  22. Remarkable tolerance for Hindus rolling back centuries of oppression. Raised a Muslim but his religious curiosity knew no bounds. Alienated orthodox Muslims with his views. Indo-Muslim Civilization

  23. The syncretic belief system advocated by Akbar. A belief that employed Judeo-Christian, Muslim, Hindu, and Zoroastrian traditions. Difficult to define Based on imperial divinity Aroused deep hostility amongst Muslims. Din-I-Ilahi

  24. Allowed Hindus opportunities to participate. Abolished Jizya Muslims followed Sharia Hindus follwed Dharmashastra Akbar and Hindus

  25. Fatehpur Sikri

  26. Talented but disinterested. Only interested in “a bottle of wine and a piece of meat to make merry”. Persian born empress Nur Jahan was the real power. Jahangir

  27. A time of poverty during the 1640’s. Yet he continued conquest and expensive building projects. Shah Jahan

  28. His beloved wife Mumtaz Muhal died during childbirth for child 13. He built a building of unparralled beauty for her final resting place. Plans were made for him to build a similar palace of black marble across the river from the Taj Mahal. 20,000 masons working decades completed the project. His son Aurangzeb would have none of it. Taj Mahal

  29. A man of uncompromising principles. A devout Muslim Attacked many Hindu traditions Restored Islamic dominance in Indian daily life. Aurangzeb

  30. Entered for good after their victory over a shell of the former Mughal forces at the Battle of Plassey. 3,000 defeated 30,000. English in India

  31. Disaster on Indian economy and industry. Destroyed Mughal Empire. Ended Indian sovereignty until 1947. Attempted to “introduce” English methods. Despite indigenous rebellions such as that of Haidar Ali, England ruled India for 3 centuries. English impacts

  32. Empires in Decline • Ineffective Rulers • Religious tensions • Rising Conservatisim • Economic and technological innovation in decline due to insular cultures • Europe influence • Conflicts with Europe

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